Study of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Interfacing Energy Storage for Vehicle Power Management Using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS)

Abstract

The bidirectional dc-dc converter, being the interface between Energy Storage Element (ESE) and DC bus, is an essential component of the power management system for vehicle applications including electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and fuel cell vehicle (FCV). In this paper, a novel multiphase bidirectional dc-dc converter interfacing with battery to supply and absorb the electric energy in the FCV system was studied with the help of real time digital simulator (RTDS). The mathematical models of fuel cell, battery and dc-dc converter were derived. A power management strategy was developed and first simulated in RTDS. A Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation using RTDS is then presented. The main challenge of this PHIL is the requirement for a highly dynamic bidirectional Simulation-Stimulation (Sim-Stim) interface. This paper describes three different interface algorithms. The closed-loop stability of the resulting PHIL system is analyzed in terms of time delay and sampling rate. A prototype bidirectional Sim-Stim interface is designed to implement the PHIL simulation.

Power Electronics Converter Technology Integrated Energy Storage Management in Electric Vehicles: Emerging Trends, Analytical Assessment and Future Research Opportunities

“…Based on the information on Table 3, the prominent power electronics converters employed in 100 top cited articles have been identified including cascaded multilevel converter [80,83,139], buckboost converter [140,168], neutral point clamp converter [94], matrix converter [96], modular multilevel converter [105,134,163], interleaved boost converter [88,112,119], H-bridge converter [113], switched capacitor bidirectional converter [86,90,98], soft-switching DC-DC converter [117,127], zsource converter [169], quasi-resonant converter [77], and multi-phase DC-DC converter [134,159]. The objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of the aforesaid converters are highlighted in Table 5.…”

“…Nonetheless, it has shortcomings in terms of a complex integrated transformer and an expensive controller. In [134,159], a multi-phase DC-DC converter exhibits lower output ripple voltage, better transient performance, and lower ripple-current-rating requirements. Nevertheless, this converter suffers from higher components, synchronization, and sensitivity to duty cycle.…”

Controller Design of a Novel Power Conditioning System with an Energy Storage Device for Renewable Energy Sources under Grid-Connected Operation

“…This scheme allows the power rating to be the maximum power of the renewable energy source, when the boost converter is designed. However, since the charging current must pass by the boost converter, the power efficiency decreases significantly during the charging mode [24]- [28]. Figure 4 shows the configuration of the proposed power conditioning system which consists of a renewable energy source and an energy storage device.…”

A Phase Current Reconstruction Technique Using a Single Current Sensor for Interleaved Three-phase Bidirectional Converters

“…Multi-phase interleaved dc-dc converters have been popularly employed in many power conversion applications such as automotive bidirectional battery chargers, renewable energy interface converters, computer power supplies, and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One of the well-known problems of the multiphase dc-dc converter is that each phase's current can be different under their operation, and this current imbalance may deteriorate the efficiency and the stability of the multiphase converter.…”