As a result of the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental contamination, it has become important to use renewable energy. For the stable utilization of renewable energy sources, energy storage devices must be used. In addition, renewable and distributed power sources with energy storage devices must operate stably under grid-connected mode. This paper proposed dynamic response modeling for renewable power generation systems including a charger/discharger with an energy storage device in order to derive a method to guarantee stable operation while fully utilizing the energy from the energy storage device. In this paper, the principle operation and design guidelines of the proposed scheme are presented, along with a performance analysis and simulation results using MATLAB and PSIM. Finally, a hardware prototype of a 1kW power conditioning system with an energy storage device has been implemented for experimental verification of the proposed converter system.
Energy storage devices are necessary to obtain stable utilization of renewable energy sources. When black-out occurs, distributed renewable power sources with energy storage devices can operate under standalone mode as uninterruptable power supply. This paper proposes a dynamic response analysis with small-signal modeling for the standalone operation of a photovoltaic power generation system that includes a bidirectional charger/discharger with a battery. Furthermore, it proposes a DC-link voltage controller design of the entire power conditioning system, using the storage current under standalone operation. The purpose of this controller is to guarantee the stable operation of the renewable source and the storage subsystem, with the power conversion of a very efficient bypass-type PCS. This paper presents the operating principle and design guidelines of the proposed scheme, along with performance analysis and simulation. Finally, a hardware prototype of 1-kW power conditioning system with an energy storage device is implemented, for experimental verification of the proposed converter system.
A cladistic analysis of the tribe Agathidiini Westwood is presented. Agathidiines are slime mould specialists and they are hypothesized to be a monophyletic group consisting of 12 genera Angelini, Sphaeroliodes Portevin, and Stetholiodes Fall), based on three synapomorphies: epipleuron present to apical third, mesoventrite without longitudinal carina and longitudinal setal lines present on the tibiae. The dataset for phylogenetic analysis comprised 72 characters representing 198 character states derived from adult morphology. These data were analysed using equal weighting and implied weighting (k = 1-6) and supported the monophyly of the tribe based on three unique characters (epipleuron present to apical third, mesoventrite without longitudinal carina, longitudinal setal lines present on tibia) and two homoplastic characters [antennomeres 7-10 (or 6-9) asymmetrical, apical shape of terminal antennomere abruptly tapered]. The topology of IW trees with k = 4-6 was identical with one of three EW trees. Decuria was sister group to the remaining agathidiine genera whereas the following groups were resolved as monophyletic: Anisotoma, Gelae + Liodopria, and Pseudoagathidium (Afroagathidium + Besuchetionella). The clade [Sphaeroliodes rufescens (Agathidium bockshini , Agathidium subcostatum)] was supported in all analyses except for the IW (k = 1) cladogram. The monophyly of Agathidium was not supported at all and was rendered paraphyletic by the placements of Sphaeroliodes, Stetholiodes and the Pseudoagathidium (Afroagathidium + Besuchetionella) clade. Sphaeroliodes is synonymized with Agathidium (syn.n.) resulting in two new combinations [A. acuminatus (Švec) and A. rufescens (Portevin)]. Contractability is a complex character composed of several morphological features that have evolved independently within the agathidiine tree. Conglobation (the ability to roll the body into a ball) has arisen at least twice in Agathidiini.
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