“…Numerical simulation is an effective tool to study heat transfer in crystal growth and design a thermal field subsequently, which is conductive to solving the problem mentioned above. Researchers have conducted many numerical works to build models and analyze the heat transfer in CZ growth, leading to the optimization of design of the thermal field, such as the optimizations of the crucible position [22], heat shield design [23,24], radio frequency (RF) coils' position [25,26], furnace enclosure shape [27], and so on. Tang et al [28] mainly simulated the flow field of a Ga 2 O 3 melt and analyzed the difficulties of growing large-size bulk β-Ga 2 O 3 single crystals via CZ growth.…”