Both electron and phonon transport properties of single layer MoS2 (SLMoS2) are studied. Based on first-principles calculations, the electrical conductivity of SLMoS2 is calculated by Boltzmann equations. The thermal conductivity of SLMoS2 is calculated to be as high as 116.8 Wm−1K−1 by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted value of ZT is as high as 0.11 at 500 K. As the thermal conductivity could be reduced largely by phonon engineering, there should be a high possibility to enhance ZT in the SLMoS2-based materials.

Binder plays a key role in maintaining the mechanical integrity of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, the existing binders typically exhibit poor stretchability or low conductivity at large strains, which are not suitable for highcapacity silicon (Si)-based anodes undergoing severe volume changes during cycling. Herein, a novel stretchable conductive glue (CG) polymer that possesses inherent high conductivity, excellent stretchablity, and ductility is designed for high-performance Si anodes. The CG can be stretched up to 400% in volume without conductivity loss and mechanical fracture and thus can accommodate the large volume change of Si nanoparticles to maintain the electrode integrity and stabilize solid electrolyte interface growth during cycling while retaining the high conductivity, even with a high Si mass loading of 90%. The Si-CG anode has a large reversible capacity of 1500 mA h g −1 for over 700 cycles at 840 mA g −1 with a large initial Coulombic efficiency of 80% and high rate capability of 737 mA h g −1 at 8400 mA g −1 . Moreover, the Si-CG anode demonstrates the highest achieved areal capacity of 5.13 mA h cm −2 at a high mass loading of 2 mg cm −2 . The highly stretchable CG provides a new perspective for designing next-generation high-capacity and high-power batteries.

Autophagy is an important intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in the removal of misfolded proteins. Atg14L, the mammalian ortholog of Atg14 in yeast and a critical regulator of autophagy, mediates the production PtdIns3P to initiate the formation of autophagosomes. However, it is not clear how Atg14L is regulated. In this study, we demonstrate that ubiquitination and degradation of Atg14L is controlled by ZBTB16-Cullin3-Roc1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, we show that a wide range of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands and agonists regulate the levels of Atg14L through ZBTB16. In addition, we show that the activation of autophagy by pharmacological inhibition of GPCR reduces the accumulation of misfolded proteins and protects against behavior dysfunction in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Our study demonstrates a common molecular mechanism by which the activation of GPCRs leads to the suppression of autophagy and a pharmacological strategy to activate autophagy in the CNS for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06734.001

The design of graphene-based composite with high thermal conductivity requires a comprehensive understanding of phonon coupling in graphene. We extended the twotemperature model to coupled groups of phonon. The study give new physical quantities, the phonon-phonon coupling factor and length, to characterize the couplings quantitatively.Besides, our proposed coupling length has an obvious dependence on system size. Our studies can not only observe the nonequilibrium between different groups of phonon, but explain theoretically the thermal resistance inside graphene.

We performed the first measurements of hydrogen isotopic composition and water content in nominally anhydrous minerals collected by the Hayabusa mission from the S-type asteroid Itokawa. The hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of the measured pyroxene grains is −79 to −53‰, which is indistinguishable from that in chondritic meteorites, achondrites, and terrestrial rocks. Itokawa minerals contain water contents of 698 to 988 parts per million (ppm) weight, after correcting for water loss during parent body processes and impact events that elevated the temperature of the parent body. We infer that the Bulk Silicate Itokawa parent body originally had 160 to 510 ppm water. Asteroids like Itokawa that formed interior to the snow line could therefore have been a potential source of water (up to 0.5 Earth’s oceans) during the formation of Earth and other terrestrial planets.