Studies on Bovine Complement

Abstract

Fetal bovine serum is in widespread use for in vitro antibody-synthesizing systems, but very little attention has been paid to the complement (C) activity of this serum, at least partly because methods have not been developed for measuring some bovine C components, particularly C3. We report here some studies on bovine C1, and a simple assay for bovine C3 and its use to measure the C3 content of a number of commercial and other fetal bovine serum preparations, which were “good” or “bad” with respect to their ability to support (in vitro antibody synthesis. The C1, C3b-inactivator and conglutinin contents of these preparations will also be reported. C1 was precipitated twice from normal bovine serum at 0.03 M NaCl and 0.005 M phosphate concentration, pH 7.5 (O. Barta, R. A. Nelson, C. Y. Kuo, Immunol. Commun. 5:75, 1976). It had a C1H50 titer of 210,000 [vs 33,000 for Cordis guinea pig (GP) C1] in a standard assay with EAC4gp, yielding a Z plot slope of 1.00.

Mucosal immune response in newborn Holstein calves that had maternally derived antibodies and were vaccinated with an intranasal multivalent modified-live virus vaccine

“…Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups; group A calves (n = 8) were not vaccinated, group B calves (8) were vaccinated once (day 0), and group C calves (7) were vaccinated twice (days 0 and 35). Day 0 was defined for all calves as the day on which group B and C calves received their first vaccination.…”

“…6 Similarly, newborn calves have lower circulating concentrations of C3 and other complement components than do adult cattle. 7 The circulating concentration of C3 required for production of antibodies by B lymphocytes and the impact that C3 has on activation of B lymphocytes are not known. However, vaccination of fetal calves during the last third of gestation results in immune memory and induction of antibody production that are similar to those in adult cattle.…”

Perspectives on complement and phagocytic cell responses to nanoparticles: From fundamentals to adverse reactions

“…Many studies have outlined species and interspecies differences in complement activation and opsonisation [ 66 , 86 – 92 ]. Considering the important roles of complement system in the innate immunity, there is limited understanding as to whether complement activation by nanoparticles in preclinical species can resemble human response.…”