Studies of Skin of Fetus and the Child The Distribution of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Skin of the Fetus

Serri, F

doi:10.1001/archderm.1963.01590140096016

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In humans, sebaceous glands develop in the 13 th –14 th week of fetal life [12], where they contribute to the production of the vernix caseosa, the protective wax-like substance that coats embryonic skin. Postnatally, SGs are diminished [13] and produce little sebum.…”

Section: Development Of the Sebaceous Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and homeostasis of the sebaceous gland

Niemann

Horsley

2012

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

116

118

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The important role of epidermal appendages especially the sebaceous gland has only recently been recognised. In particular, it has been convincingly shown that normal development and maintenance of the sebaceous gland are required for skin homeostasis since atrophic sebaceous glands and disturbances in sebaceous lipid composition result in major defects of the physiological barrier and maintenance of the skin. Consequently, it is important to unravel the signalling network controlling proper sebaceous lineage differentiation in mammalian skin and to understand the underlying mechanisms leading to severe skin diseases, including abnormal proliferation and differentiation of the gland, defects of the lipid metabolism and barrier, as well as sebaceous tumour formation. Over the last years, results from transgenic and knock out mouse models manipulating distinct signalling pathways in the skin as well as the detailed analysis of human sebaceous gland-derived cell lines provided new insights into crucial mediators balancing proliferation and differentiation of the sebaceous gland. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of in vivo mechanisms of sebaceous gland development, maintenance and disorders and highlight recent contributions to the field of sebaceous gland biology.

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Section: Development Of the Sebaceous Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and homeostasis of the sebaceous gland

Niemann

Horsley

2012

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

116

118

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“…28,29 Frozen sections (7 mm) were postfixed in acetone for ten minutes and then equilibrated in Tris buffer pH 9.5. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected by incubation for 30 minutes with nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate toluidine salt (NBT/BCIP, Roche, Indianapolis, IN) at 1:50.…”

Section: Detection Of Alkaline Phosphatasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Peritoneal Adhesions Show Evidence of Tissue Remodeling and Markers of Angiogenesis

Epstein¹,

Wilson²,

Wilkosz³

et al. 2006

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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All adhesions contained functional blood vessels and most showed evidence of cell proliferation. The presence of vascular endothelial growth factor A and its receptor in human adhesions suggests ongoing angiogenic activity. This study demonstrates that adhesions are vascular structures with evidence of tissue remodeling and suggests potential for new prevention strategies involving antiangiogenic therapies.

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“…Histochemical Staining Staining with alkaline phosphatase (AP) was one of the first methods used for studying vasculature in fetal skin [13]. Tissue from 45 emhryos and fetuses ranging in age from 4-32 wks was stained for AP activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although AP is a widely accepted marker for endothelial cells, its fimctional significance is imcertain. AP may play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and in mediating the transport of phosphate ions through membranes [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Human Embryonic and Fetal Dermal Vasculature.

Johnson¹,

Holbrook²

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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This report summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the structure and organization of the microvasculature in developing human skin. Previous observations suggested that the skin contains no blood vessels as late as eight weeks estimated gestational age (EGA). Computer reconstructions, in conjunction with light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), however, demonstrated that specimens as young as 35-45 d show a level of vascular complexity previously unknown. The computer reconstructions showed that the vasculature was organized in one or two planes parallel to the epidermis. A simple, single plane was evident in specimens 40-50 d EGA, whereas specimens 50-75 d EGA showed two planes. Fewer vessels were continuous throughout the tissue sample in the younger specimens compared with the older specimens. Superior views highlighted the continuities and connections of vessels. The younger specimens showed more discontinuous segments of vessels when compared with the network established in the older specimens. In the earliest specimens examined morphologically (35-40 d), simple, capillarylike vessels were morphologically identifiable in presumptive dermis. The samples studied by TEM revealed detailed structure of the vessel wall including extreme attenuations and projections, plasmalemmal vesicles, and junctions similar to adult endothelial cells. Little or no basal lamina surrounded the vessel. The basal lamina first appeared in the form of amorphous deposits and eventually thickened and became continuous. By the end of the first trimester, the basal lamina still lacked the organization of adult cutaneous arterial and venous segments. These findings suggest that the major vascular organization of the dermis is defined in the first trimester of development.

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Studies of Skin of Fetus and the Child The Distribution of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Skin of the Fetus

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Development and homeostasis of the sebaceous gland

Development and homeostasis of the sebaceous gland

Human Peritoneal Adhesions Show Evidence of Tissue Remodeling and Markers of Angiogenesis

Development of Human Embryonic and Fetal Dermal Vasculature.

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