Reprodu.ced by t CL EAR 1MG OU SE forIRINA L. RABOTNOVA.
FOIEWORD TO THE GrRKAN TRANSLATIONI is not simple to translate a 3cientific work. writ.ten in a fpreign Zamxge and in the characteristic style of that language, so that it is also easily readable in its new style. This is espeoially "trie for translations from Russian. We worked hard, together with the a* , fir a good solution to this problem. If we have not always Ssu..,eeded, we beg the reader's indulgence.We havv followed the .ast edition of Bergey's Manual. 1957, for type despotc,•f b&c-cerla and aztinomycetes.We attempted to iden tily the types iiot fond there by using the 1959 German edition of Kraisilnikov's DiaNosis of bateria and A.tincoyQetes.Types whose dp,.gnation is not ascertainable either from the Manual or in Kras-... ra i.ioJ6.-ted in the footnotes.
)I! q irigaluly it was believed that the two kinds of metabolism were quite independent of each other. According to this point of view the release of energy consumed for predominantly endothermic constructive processes depends only on the energy processes.Tausson (1950) observed that there is a relationship between dissimilatory and assimilatory metabolism. The products of the incomplete oxidation of the substrate are, therefore, not only valuable for thr. organism, because a certain amount of energy is released by their formation, but they are also important as building material for the construction of the bocy substances, Thus, for example, th.7 act as intermediate products in the formation of sugar Aolecule compounds that serve as starting material for the synthesis of amino acids. The complete oxidation of the substrate is not necessary for the utilization of the greatest possible amount of energy. The products of incomplete oxidation can serve synthesis as Ise-mimaafactured' itemu for whose assimilation slighter amounts of energy are reqmired. Clifton (1946Clifton ( , 1952) also sees, in biological synthesis, a series of reactions in which intermediate products from the catabolism of energy producing compounds participate. According to Clifton, the provision of compounds for constructive metabolism is more important than the total amount of released energy in the catabolism of organic compounds in respiration or fermentation WAtbbolinm. The acetyl group is one of the most important building materish of this origin. Synthetic and catatolic processes are, cjnseqaently, related to each other not only aco)rding to the balance of energy, but also according to soich-ometric relationships. The released energy is only a 'by-product 9 l similar to water and carbon dioxide. Veselov and his collaborators (1934, 1955) developed the ideas of Tausson, Clifton and others further.Synthesis dous not always occur with utilization of the energy content of organic compounds, as is the case with carbon heterotrophs. In carbon antotrohio microorganisms the reduction of C02, with which &asi-milation is stwrted, is tied to the supply of energy. Photoautotrophio orgaiisms are able to utilize light energy for thi...