Students’ Experiences, Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction in e-Learning

Investigating the mediating role of online learning motivation in the COVID‐19 pandemic situation in Bangladesh

“…This is the case in the context of developing countries such as Bangladesh, because in doing so they have the opportunity to interact with the instructors directly. Previous studies also support the preference for direct instruction or learning ( e.g., Garrison et al, 2000;Goh et al, 2017). We also found that DL has a positive and significant influence on OLS, which is also in line with other studies (Muhsin et al, 2019;Poon & Brownlow, 2015).…”

“…Garrison et al (2000) define direct lecture (DL) as "any teaching provided directly or indirectly by the instructors in the form of lectures, video or audio lessons, synchronous and asynchronous sessions, constructive and explanatory feedback provided, and the selection and inclusion of course references and resources (textbook, readings, supplemental materials, videos, etc.)". An instructor not only performs the task of designing and organizing a course but also plays a role as a facilitator, social supporter, technology facilitator, and assessment designer (Goh et al, 2017). However, the establishment of their own presence and personality in the course content, discussions, and activities is considered to be the most important role of instructors in online learning environments (Gray & DiLoreto, 2016).…”

“…However, the establishment of their own presence and personality in the course content, discussions, and activities is considered to be the most important role of instructors in online learning environments (Gray & DiLoreto, 2016). In order to maintain students' motivation towards learning, instructors provide support and perform multiple tasks in the teaching process, including developing the course structure and providing feedback regarding students' performance (Goh et al, 2017), can discuss personal narratives relevant to the course content in live sessions, and also make quick replies to students' queries (Gray & DiLoreto, 2016;Shea & Bidjerano, 2010).…”

“…G. Moore, 1989). ILI takes place when the instructor is involved in delivering knowledge and information, as well as encouraging learners, providing them with timely feedback, and facilitating clear collaboration (Goh et al, 2017). As direct communication between the two parties is absent in online learning, instructors' reactions and feedback are vital.…”

“…Moreover, onlinebased DL can impact students' OLM (Thai et al, 2017). ILIs influence both intrinsic and extrinsic student motivation in the learning process (Goh et al, 2017), and LLIs enhance students' OLM (Kuo et al, 2014).…”