Despite pervasiveness of the market forces and supplementary role of the state and in some cases, even civil society organisations, there are unmet social needs which remain unaddressed by the existing institutions. With industrial growth becoming jobless, the need for new models of social innovation is being felt all around the world to provide jobs to the youth, skills for the new economy and entrepreneurial opportunities for transforming resources and skills. The persistence of some of these unmet needs (also referred as wicked problems sometimes) or unaddressed problems for a long time shows that the existing institutional arrangements are inadequate for the purpose. Innovations are imperative. A socio-ecological system that recognizes and rewards innovation can withstand many external shocks, provided it is agile and innovates quickly to remain responsive to emergent challenges (Anderies, Janssen, & Ostrom. Ecology and society, 9 (1)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of online learning motivation (OLM) in the COVID‐19 pandemic situation in Bangladesh by observing and comparing direct lectures (DL), instructor–learner interaction (ILI), learner–learner interaction (LLI), and internet self‐efficacy (ISE) as predictors of OLM and online learning satisfaction (OLS). Data were collected from 442 undergraduate and graduate students from more than 35 universities in Bangladesh. To test the hypotheses, the PLS‐SEM approach was applied using SmartPLS 3.0. The study shows a significant mediating role of OLM between the independent variables and learning satisfaction. In addition, DL, ILI, and ISE are shown to be significant predictors of student satisfaction. The findings have a number of valuable implications for education policy makers, universities, instructors, and students. Moreover, the study suggests some new research perspectives to overcome the limitations of this research and to gain precise knowledge on students' learning motivation and satisfaction regarding other online classes for different categories of students (e.g., high school and college, professional, and PhD).

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Given the economic squeeze world over, search for what we call frugal grassroots innovations in Honey Bee Network, has become even more urgent and relevant in the recent years. And, to shape this search, models and concepts like open innovation, reverse innovation (GE, Market-Relevant Design: Making ECGs Available

We report the synthesis of bay-annulated (N, S, and Se) perylene bisimides (PBIs) and their structural, thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and morphological characterization. In addition, their application in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is demonstrated. All the PBIs except PBI-Se exhibited bright emission in solutions and thin films. Planar molecular structure, variation of the HOMO−LUMO levels, and the energy gaps were evaluated with the help of Gaussian simulation. Morphology of all the synthesized PBIs has been investigated with the aid of polarizing optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM topographical images exhibited surface roughness value ranging from 1.98 to 3.52 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction data revealed the lamellar packing of these molecules in the thermally evaporated thin films. It has been witnessed that the OFET device with top-contact bottom-gate configuration, where the PBI-S served as the semiconducting layer, exhibited the highest electron mobility (μ = 4.40 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) in comparison to PBI-N and PBI-Se, due to the better thin film growth mechanism. These materials are promising from the viewpoint of n-type materials that can be utilized in organic electronics.