Structure and stability of hexa-aqua V(iii) cations in vanadium redox flow battery electrolytes

Vijayakumar, M.; Li, Liyu; Nie, Zimin; Yang, Zhenguo; Hu, Jianzhi

doi:10.1039/c2cp40707h

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…At high acid concentrations, such a deprotonation process can be avoided, thus stabilizing the V 5þ solution. More recently, the same authors investigated the structure of V 3þ in a mixture of vanadium chloride and vanadium sulfate using NMR spectroscopy and DFT modeling [122]. Based on the study, the counter anions, namely the sulfate and the chloride ions, are expected to play a critical role in the stability of the V 3þ electrolyte.…”

Section: Molecular Dynamics and Density Function Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fundamental models for flow batteries

Zhao

2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

143

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Section: Molecular Dynamics and Density Function Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fundamental models for flow batteries

Zhao

2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[161,162] Ac hloride-containing electrolyte enables the dissolution of vanadium salts up to aconcentration of 2.5 m and also has ah igh thermal stability up to 50 [164] However,t he use of hydrochloric acid can lead to undesirable evolution of chlorine as as ide process.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry of Redox‐Flow Batteries

et al. 2015

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The development of various redox-flow batteries for the storage of fluctuating renewable energy has intensified in recent years because of their peculiar ability to be scaled separately in terms of energy and power, and therefore potentially to reduce the costs of energy storage. This has resulted in a considerable increase in the number of publications on redox-flow batteries. This was a motivation to present a comprehensive and critical overview of the features of this type of batteries, focusing mainly on the chemistry of electrolytes and introducing a thorough systematic classification to reveal their potential for future development.

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“…Once the concentration in each half-cell has been established in each time step, the cell voltage, E cell , can be obtained by calculating the open circuit voltage, E 0 , using the Nernst equation, the overpotential, η using the Butler-Volmer equation, as well as the voltage to overcome each half-cell resistance, R half-cell . [19] The Nernst Equation gives the open circuit voltage for each half-cell,…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Ion Crossover in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Computationally-Efficient Lumped Parameter Approach for Extended Cycling

Boettcher

Ağar

Dennison

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this work, we have developed a zero-dimensional vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) model which accounts for all modes of vanadium crossover and enables prediction of long-term performance of the system in a computationally-efficient manner. Using this model, the effects of membrane thickness on a 1000-cycle operation of a VRFB system have been investigated. It was observed that utilizing a thicker membrane significantly reduces the rate of capacity fade over time (up to ∼15%) at the expense of reducing the energy efficiency (up to ∼2%) due to increased ohmic losses. During extended cycling, the capacity of each simulated case was observed to approach an asymptote of ∼60% relative capacity, as the concentrations in each half-cell reach a quasi-equilibrium state. Simulations also indicated that peak power density and limiting current density exhibit a similar asymptotic trend during extended cycling (i.e., an ∼10-15% decrease in the peak power density and an ∼20-25% decrease in the limiting current density is observed as quasi-equilibrium state is reached Recently, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have gained significant interest as one of the most promising electrochemical systems for grid-scale energy storage due to their several advantages over conventional batteries.1,2 Among these advantages, the most important ones are their ability to decouple power and energy rating due to their unique system architecture, and their flexible design.3-6 Despite these advantages, one major challenge which hinders their commercial viability is the relatively higher capital cost of these systems.5 According to a recent study by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the current capital cost of a VRFB system is about $350 per kWh for 4-h application, 7 which is much higher than the capital cost target set by government agencies. The current capital cost target of The Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability is $250 per kWh, falling to $150 per kWh in the future for a 4-hour energy storage system. 8 One possible approach to reduce the capital cost is to improve the performance of these systems for less material use. To date, the majority of research has focused on improving the performance of individual components, such as developing high power density electrodes 4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and exploring high energy capacity electrolytes. [17][18][19][20][21] In line with these studies, another approach to reduce the capital cost is to increase the lifetime of VRFB systems. Currently, the lifetime of these systems is limited by the capacity fade during cycling, which is primarily governed by unwanted active species transport across the membrane (i.e., species crossover). 22 Developing sophisticated mathematical models to mimic the VRFB operation is imperative to investigate the capacity fade and related performance losses in these systems due to lengthy time requirements and practical limitations of experimental cycling analysis. So far, there are several studies reported that ha...

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Structure and stability of hexa-aqua V(iii) cations in vanadium redox flow battery electrolytes

Cited by 61 publications

References 55 publications

Fundamental models for flow batteries

Fundamental models for flow batteries

The Chemistry of Redox‐Flow Batteries

Modeling of Ion Crossover in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Computationally-Efficient Lumped Parameter Approach for Extended Cycling

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