Structural studies of microcosm dental plaques grown under different nutritional conditions

Pratten, Jonathan; Andrews, Christopher S.; Craig, Duncan Q.M.; Wilson, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09233.x

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Aged specimens were suspended in CBBF (37°C) to cultivate monospecies biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 47077) over interfacial margins (14), under continuous flow of fresh Tryptic Soy Broth (BD Bioscience, Sparks, MD) with 0.25% (wt/vol) glucose, at 0.72L/d (23) and dilution rate D=0.075/hr mimicking the resting salivary flow rate (15). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biofilm Proliferation within Sealer–Root Dentin Interfaces Is Affected by Sealer Type and Aging Period

Roth

Friedman

Lévesque

et al. 2012

Journal of Endodontics

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Background Root canal fillings are intended to prevent microbial proliferation over time in the canal after treatment. Objective To assess biofilm proliferation within the sealer-dentin interfaces of two methacrylate resin-based systems, self-etch (SE) and total-etch (TE), and an epoxy resin-based sealer (EP), aged for up to 6 months. Methods Standardized specimens (n=45) comprising the coronal 5 mm of human roots were filled with the test materials and gutta-percha. Specimens were either not pre-incubated (control; n=9), or incubated in sterile saline for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months or 6 months (n=3/group). Monospecies biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis were grown on the specimens for 7 days in a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor mimicking pathogenic oral conditions. The extent of E. faecalis proliferation within the sealer-dentin interface for each material and incubation period group was assessed using fluorescence microscopy of dihydroethidium-stained specimens. Results TE had less biofilm proliferation than both EP and SE (p<0.01). Deeper biofilm proliferation was detected in SE and EP specimens aged for 1 and 3 months than those aged for 1 week or 6 months (p<0.05). Maximum depth of biofilm penetration was recorded for SE at 1 month (p<0.05). Conclusion Within the test model used, the self-etch and epoxy resin-based sealers were more susceptible to interfacial biofilm proliferation than the total-etch restorative material. This susceptibility diminished after aging the materials’ interfaces for 6 months.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biofilm Proliferation within Sealer–Root Dentin Interfaces Is Affected by Sealer Type and Aging Period

Roth

Friedman

Lévesque

et al. 2012

Journal of Endodontics

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“…5) is open for speculation. Such unstained regions have been suggested to represent open voids (Pratten et al, 2000;Wood et al, 2000) or to contain extracellular polysaccharides (Thurnheer et al, 2004). However, one cannot exclude the possibility that these areas contain bacteria labelled with dyes that are bleached away by out-of-focus excitation during the consecutive scanning through the biofilm, or bacteria exhibiting insufficient fluorescent signals because of low rRNA content due to slow growth or low metabolic state (Amann et al, 1995;Hannig et al, 2007;Moter & Göbel, 2000;Schuppler et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomyces naeslundii in initial dental biofilm formation

et al. 2009

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The combined use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) offers new opportunities for analysis of the spatial relationships and temporal changes of specific members of the microbiota of intact dental biofilms. The purpose of this study was to analyse the patterns of colonization and population dynamics of Actinomyces naeslundii compared to streptococci and other bacteria during the initial 48 h of biofilm formation in the oral cavity. Biofilms developed on standardized glass slabs mounted in intra-oral appliances worn by ten individuals for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The biofilms were subsequently labelled with probes against A. naeslundii (ACT476), streptococci (STR405) or all bacteria (EUB338), and were analysed by CLSM. Labelled bacteria were quantified by stereological tools. The results showed a notable increase in the number of streptococci and A. naeslundii over time, with a tendency towards a slower growth rate for A. naeslundii compared with streptococci. A. naeslundii was located mainly in the inner part of the multilayered biofilm, indicating that it is one of the species that attaches directly to the acquired pellicle. The participation of A. naeslundii in the initial stages of dental biofilm formation may have important ecological consequences. INTRODUCTIONDental biofilm is an archetypal example of a complex biofilm (Costerton et al., 1999;Davies, 2003;DuPont, 1997). Biofilm formation on tooth surfaces follows the same basic rules as biofilm formation elsewhere in nature. Dental biofilms develop readily because of the optimal temperature, the rich nutrient supply in the oral cavity, and the hard non-shedding surface. They are easily accessible for experimentation using intra-oral devices (Auschill et al., 2004;Kilian et al., 1979;Nyvad & Fejerskov, 1987a;Palmer et al., 2003), and therefore dental biofilms can be used to demonstrate colonization phenomena and ecological principles of universal interest. Concurrent with the increasing recognition of the significance of biofilms in infectious diseases, the development of techniques such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence has enabled visualization of bacteria in their natural undisturbed environment. This offers a substantial improvement upon previous microbiological studies of bacteria grown in planktonic settings (Anwar et al., 1992;Davies, 2003).Previous studies of dental biofilm that took advantage of these methods mainly focused on streptococci Dige et al., 2007; Hannig et al., 2007;Palmer et al., 2003) because culture-based studies suggested that this group of bacteria is prominent during the initial stages of biofilm formation on teeth (Li et al., 2004;Nyvad & Kilian, 1987. However, other genera such as Actinomyces are also among the earliest colonizers of dental surfaces and may constitute up to 27 % of the pioneer bacteria (Kilian et al., 1979;Li et al., 2004;Nyvad & Kilian, 1987). Several culturebased studies indicated that Ac...

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“…Continuous flow of fresh Brain Heart Infused broth (BD Bioscience, Sparks, MD) was adjusted to 0.72L/d and dilution rate D = 0.075/hr to mimic the resting salivary flow rate (23). Specimens were aseptically removed after 7 d and gently rinsed with sterile phosphate buffered solution (PBS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation within the Interface of Bovine Root Dentin Treated with Conjugated Chitosan and Sealer Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

DaSilva

Finer

Friedman

et al. 2013

Journal of Endodontics

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Objective To assess biofilm formation within sealer-dentin interfaces of root segments filled with gutta-percha and sealer incorporated with chitosan (CS) nanoparticles, without and with canal surface treatment with different formulations of CS. Methods Standardized canals of 4 mm bovine root segments (n=35) were filled with gutta-percha and Pulp Canal Sealer incorporated with CS nanoparticles without surface treatment (group CS), or after surface treatment with phosphorylated CS (group PHCS), CS-conjugated Rose Bengal and photodynamic irradiation (group CSRB) and a combination of both PHCS and CSRB (group RBPH). The control group was filled with gutta-percha and unmodified sealer. After 7 d of setting, specimens were aged in buffered solution at 37° C for 1 or 4 wks. Monospecies biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis were grown on specimens for 7 d in a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor. Biofilm formation within the sealer-dentin interface was assessed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results In the 4-wk aged specimens only, the mean biofilm areas were significantly smaller than in the control for CS (p=0.008), PHCS (p=0.012) and RBPH (p=0.034). Percentage of biofilm-covered interface also was significantly lower than in the control for CS (p=0.024) and PHCS (p=0.003). CS, PHCS and RBPH did not differ significantly. Conclusions Incorporating CS nanoparticles into the zinc-oxide eugenol sealer inhibited biofilm formation within the sealer-dentin interface. This effect was maintained when canals were treated with phosphorylated CS, and it was moderated by canal treatment with chitosan-conjugated Rose Bengal and irradiation.

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Structural studies of microcosm dental plaques grown under different nutritional conditions

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Microbial Biofilm Proliferation within Sealer–Root Dentin Interfaces Is Affected by Sealer Type and Aging Period

Microbial Biofilm Proliferation within Sealer–Root Dentin Interfaces Is Affected by Sealer Type and Aging Period

Actinomyces naeslundii in initial dental biofilm formation

Biofilm Formation within the Interface of Bovine Root Dentin Treated with Conjugated Chitosan and Sealer Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

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