Biofilm Formation within the Interface of Bovine Root Dentin Treated with Conjugated Chitosan and Sealer Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective To assess biofilm formation within sealer-dentin interfaces of root segments filled with gutta-percha and sealer incorporated with chitosan (CS) nanoparticles, without and with canal surface treatment with different formulations of CS. Methods Standardized canals of 4 mm bovine root segments (n=35) were filled with gutta-percha and Pulp Canal Sealer incorporated with CS nanoparticles without surface treatment (group CS), or after surface treatment with phosphorylated CS (group PHCS), CS-conjugated Rose Bengal and photodynamic irradiation (group CSRB) and a combination of both PHCS and CSRB (group RBPH). The control group was filled with gutta-percha and unmodified sealer. After 7 d of setting, specimens were aged in buffered solution at 37° C for 1 or 4 wks. Monospecies biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis were grown on specimens for 7 d in a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor. Biofilm formation within the sealer-dentin interface was assessed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results In the 4-wk aged specimens only, the mean biofilm areas were significantly smaller than in the control for CS (p=0.008), PHCS (p=0.012) and RBPH (p=0.034). Percentage of biofilm-covered interface also was significantly lower than in the control for CS (p=0.024) and PHCS (p=0.003). CS, PHCS and RBPH did not differ significantly. Conclusions Incorporating CS nanoparticles into the zinc-oxide eugenol sealer inhibited biofilm formation within the sealer-dentin interface. This effect was maintained when canals were treated with phosphorylated CS, and it was moderated by canal treatment with chitosan-conjugated Rose Bengal and irradiation.

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