Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Sm³⁺ doped yttrium orthoferrite (YFeO₃) obtained by sol–gel synthesis route

Abstract

Fine powders of Y 1−x Sm x FeO 3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) were synthesized via citrate based sol-gel route. While the as synthesized powders were amorphous, the calcined (900 °C/8 h) powders were confirmed to be polycrystalline by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies. The calcined powders were found to crystallize in an orthorhombic structure associated with the lattice parameters a = 5.59 Å, b = 7.60 Å, c = 5.28 Å. These lattice parameters increased with the increase in Sm 3+ content at yttrium sites. The strain that was obtained by the Williamson-Hall method increased with the increase in dopant (Sm 3+ ) concentration vis-à-vis a decrease in crystallite size. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopic studies suggest an increase in band gap as Sm doping level increased. Significant enhancement in magnetization associated with a decrease in coercive field accompanied by a transition from anti-ferromagnetic to soft ferromagnetic behaviour in Sm doped YFeO 3 were encountered. It is hoped that these materials with the enhanced magnetic properties could be of potential use for multifarious applications.

Structural, morphological, and opto‐electrical properties of Y2‐xYbxO3nanoparticles synthesized using co‐precipitation method

“…Due to Yb doping concentration variations inhibits the growth of the grain boundaries and hinders the propagation of nucleation. 36 The agglomeration of particles increases with increase in Yb doping upto x = 0.10 concentration and the crystal size of the particle decreases with doping due to the strain induced. This resulted in densification of the particles.…”

Synergistic effect of trivalent (Gd3+, Sm3+) and high-valent (Ti4+) co-doping on antiferromagnetic YFeO3

“…32 The room temperature magnetization versus applied magnetic eld (M-H) loop of YFeO 3 suggests that it is an antiferromagnetic material. 12 The GKA (Goodenough, Kanamori and Anderson) rules predict the antiferromagnetic behaviour of YFeO 3 through oxygen mediated super-exchange interaction of pristine YFeO 3 . 33 As mentioned earlier, the d 5 There is an increase in magnetization with an increase in dopant concentration at Y 3+ .…”

“…However, it was demonstrated that the magnetic properties of YFeO 3 can be enhanced by means of doping. For instance, the non-magnetic Y 3+ is doped by divalent 10 and trivalent ions 11,12 and Fe 3+ by trivalent 13 and high valency ions. 14 Doping at Y 3+ resulted in the improvement of magnetization while the Fe 3+ doping enhanced the coercivity.…”

“…Our previous research iden-tied the effective preparation of polycrystalline YFeO 3 by solgel synthesis route in detail. 12 Sol-gel approach is benecial relative to the solid-state system because it allows for homogeneous mixing of the precursor ions at a molecular level. However, other drawbacks associated with this process are (i) the creation of pores due to the generation and trapping of gases, (ii) the coexistence of hexagonal and orthorhombic phases which could be solved by precisely regulating the calcination temperatures and (iii) usage of certain toxic complexing agents.…”

Role of B-site cation on the structure, magnetic and dielectric properties of nanosized La0.7Sr0.3Fe1−xMxO3 (M = Mn; Co and x = 0, 0.5) perovskites

“…Furthermore, P S J Bharadwaj et al prove that magnetization of YFeO 3 originated entirely from the canting of Fe 3+ moments, as Y 3+ being diamagnetic, cannot contribute to the magnetization. Regardless of replacement of Y ion by Sm ion, crystallite sizes are still greater than 100 nm [7]. On another side, where Liying Qi et al prepared Ca 0.75 Er 0.25 MnO 3 using different technique and doping A-site with different ions, but the effect of such dopants on magnetization and dielectric behavior didn't studied [8].…”