Strong evidence of drug-facilitated crimes by hair analysis using LC–MS/MS after micro-segmentation

Kuwayama, Kenji; Miyaguchi, Hajime; Iwata, Yuko; Kanamori, Tatsuyuki; Tsujikawa, Kenji; Yamamuro, Tadashi; Segawa, Hiroki; Inoue, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1007/s11419-019-00472-3

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…10,15 In LC-MS/MS analysis, sensitivity is decreasing with an increasing number of analytes tested in one run without decreasing peak resolution due to an insufficient number of data points across the peak even if a tightly window acquisition is applied. In all published studies known to the authors, either an up-stream screening procedure had been performed in the conventional way to determine relevant substances before single hair analysis 12,16 or the substances had already been known before for a given dose that had been applied in the respective study. 17,18 These specific methods are disadvantageous in that they can only be applied to a special case or a new method must be developed and validated for each case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single hair analysis: Validation of a screening method for over 150 analytes and application on documented single‐dose cases

Wiedfeld

Skopp

Mußhoff

2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single hair analysis: Validation of a screening method for over 150 analytes and application on documented single‐dose cases

Wiedfeld

Skopp

Mußhoff

2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Moreover, for a more accurate estimation, we developed a method to estimate the day of ingestion of a single-dose drug using ITMs. [12][13][14] In this study, the method was improved for continuous drug ingestion. The estimation for Scene 1 in Figure 5 can be used to investigate how long suspects have ingested illicit drugs, whether patients repeatedly misused prescription medicines, 28 or whether victims of drug-facilitated crimes were frequently drugged with hypnotics/sedatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency and period of drug use can be approximately estimated from the number and width of peaks on a distribution curve. Moreover, for a more accurate estimation, we developed a method to estimate the day of ingestion of a single‐dose drug using ITMs 12–14 . In this study, the method was improved for continuous drug ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a single‐dose drug is ingested, the distribution curve has a major peak derived from drug incorporation via the bloodstream (Figure 1B). To estimate the day of ingestion of a targeted drug to investigate drug‐related crimes, we request the subject to take a designated over‐the‐counter cold medicine such as chlorpheniramine (CP) as an internal temporal marker (ITM) twice at an interval of 2 weeks or more 12–14 . Because the growth rate of a hair strand can be calculated by dividing the distance between the two ITM peaks by the known ingestion interval (Figure 1A), the day of targeted drug ingestion is estimated based on the positional relationship of the two ITM peaks and the targeted drug peak shown in Figure 1A,B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an improved method to estimate the days of continuous drug ingestion, based on the micro‐segmental hair analysis

Kuwayama

Miyaguchi

Kanamori

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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To prove drug-related crimes, it is important to estimate the date on which a specific drug was ingested. Previously, we developed a method, "micro-segmental hair analysis," to estimate the day of ingestion of a single-dose drug by segmenting a hair strand into 0.4-mm segments, which correspond to daily hair growth. In this study, the method was improved to estimate the days of continuous drug ingestion. The subjects ingested four hay-fever medicines (fexofenadine, epinastine, cetirizine, and loratadine) continuously (1-18 days) and chlorpheniramine as a single dose at intervals of several weeks as an internal temporal marker (ITM). The hair strands of the subjects were collected and subjected to a micro-segmental analysis. The distribution curves of each hay-fever medicine in a hair strand had broad peaks reflecting the number of days of drug ingestion. The positions on the curves corresponding to the first and final ingestion days of hay-fever medicines were identified using the ITM.The positions were near the hair segments on both ends of full width at half maximum (W 2 ) of the broad peak. When the first and final days of continuous ingestion were estimated using W 2 , independent of peak shape, the absolute average error from the actual ingestion days was approximately 2 days. Overall, we established a method to estimate the days of both single-dose and continuous drug ingestions.Furthermore, the method would be useful to investigate drug ingestion history in various scenes such as drug-related crimes and therapeutic drug monitoring.

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“…The uptake routes of DP and LD into scalp hair were the same as those of CP and ME, respectively. The relationship between the uptake route and chemical properties of drugs has not yet been elucidated, although micro-segmental analysis has shown that many drugs were incorporated mainly via the bloodstream at hair follicles [12,24,27,28].…”

Section: Routes Of Uptake Into Scalp Hair Differ Depending On Administered Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution profiles of diphenhydramine and lidocaine in scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs measured by micro-segmental hair analysis: good indicator for discrimination between administration and external contamination of the drugs

et al. 2021

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Purpose Drug distribution in scalp hair can provide historical information about drug use, such as the date and frequency of drug ingestion. We previously developed micro-segmental hair analysis, which visualizes drug distribution at 0.4-mm intervals in individual hairs. The present study examines whether the distribution profiles of drugs can be markers for the administration or external contamination of the drugs using scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs. Methods A single dose of anti-itch ointment containing diphenhydramine (DP) and lidocaine (LD) was topically applied to the axillary or pubic areas of two volunteers; DP was also orally administered; and LD was intra-gingivally injected. Scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs were assessed using our micro-segmental analysis. Results The localization of DP and LD differed within individual scalp hair strands, implying DP and LD were predominantly incorporated into scalp hair via the bloodstream and via sweat/sebum, respectively, showing double-peak profiles. However, DP and LD were distributed along the shafts of axillary and pubic hairs without appearance of the double-peak profiles when the ointment had been applied to the axillary and pubic areas. The distributions of DP and LD in scalp hairs did not significantly differ according to administration routes, such as oral administration, gingival injection, and topical application. Conclusions Micro-segmental analysis revealed differences in the distribution profiles of drugs in hairs, and distinguished hairs with and without external contamination. These findings will be useful for understanding of the mechanism of drug uptake into hair and for estimating the circumstances for a drug use.

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Strong evidence of drug-facilitated crimes by hair analysis using LC–MS/MS after micro-segmentation

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Single hair analysis: Validation of a screening method for over 150 analytes and application on documented single‐dose cases

Single hair analysis: Validation of a screening method for over 150 analytes and application on documented single‐dose cases

Development of an improved method to estimate the days of continuous drug ingestion, based on the micro‐segmental hair analysis

Distribution profiles of diphenhydramine and lidocaine in scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs measured by micro-segmental hair analysis: good indicator for discrimination between administration and external contamination of the drugs

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