Stomatal changes induced by intermittent drought in four umbu tree genotypes

Abstract

Transpiration (E), diffusive resistance (r s ) and anatomical parameters were measured in plants of four grafted umbu tree genotypes (GBUs 44, 48, 50 and 68) in order to evaluate alterations induced by intermittent drought and possible genotypic variations. Transpiration measurements were taken daily until stomatal closure by withholding water. Measurements were also taken, when the plants were re-watered and the watering was interrupted again. This cycle was repeated for a period of 31 days (stress period). The control plants were also irrigated daily. A regular pattern in the stomatal opening/closing mechanism was observed throughout the watering period, exhibiting intra-specific differences. Stomatal behavior of GBU 44 and GBU 68 had correlation with air temperature (Tar), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), whereas GBU 50 had correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). GBU 48 had no correlation with these environmental factors. Anatomical alterations in response to drought were observed in stomatal density (SD), reductions in the stomatal index (SI) and stomatal aperture size (SA). The anatomical features of the GBU 48 genotype remained unaltered. There was an inversion in tissue proportion in GBU 44 under stress conditions, reducing the spongy parenchyma and increasing palisade parenchyma thickness. The inverse occurred with GBU 68, while the remaining genotypes were unaltered. The results found in this study suggest that GBU 68 is the most drought-sensitive genotype and anatomical changes induced by intermittent drought are not enough to explain the physiological differences between genotypes.Key words: diffusive resistance, Spondias tuberosa, stomatal density, transpiration, water deficitMudanças estomáticas e anatômicas induzidas pela seca intermitente em quatro genótipos de umbuzeiro: A transpiração (E), a resistência difusiva (r s ) e parâmetros anatômicos foram medidos em mudas enxertadas de quarto genótipos de umbuzeiro (BGU s 44, 48, 50 and 68) com o objetivo de avaliar alterações e possíveis variações genotípicas induzidas pela seca intermitente. As medidas de transpiração foram tomadas diariamente até ocorrer o fechamento estomático das plantas sob suspensão da irrigação, e após a reirrigação e suspensão da rega novamente, repetindo-se este ciclo por um período de 31 dias (período de estresse). As plantas controle foram irrigadas diariamente. Foi observado um padrão regular no mecanismo de abertura e fechamento estomático ao longo dos períodos de rega, exibindo diferenças entre os genótipos. O comportamento estomático dos genótipos BGU 44 e BGU 68 se correlacionaram com a temperatura do ar (Tar), umidade relativa (RH) e déficit de pressão de vapor (VPD), enquanto que o BGU 50 apresentou correlação com a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR). BGU 48 não apresentou correlação com os fatores ambientais. Foram observadas alterações anatômicas em resposta à seca na densidade estomática (SD), reduções no índice estomático (SI) e abertura do ostíolo (SA). As carac...

Daily dynamics of photosynthetic parameters in beech population under periodical drought conditions

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Gas exchange and photosynthetic activity in Hancornia speciosa gomes seedlings under water deficit conditions and during rehydration

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Trocas Gasosas E Eficiência Do Fotossistema Ii Em Plantas Adultas De Seis Espécies Florestais Em Função Do Suprimento De Água No Solo1

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