O conhecimento dos aspectos biométricos de frutos e sementes e a sua influência na germinação são importantes para a produção e características de espécies nativas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência do tamanho do fruto e da semente na germinação e vigor de sementes de gabiroba (Campomanesia adamantium). Para a caracterização biométrica, foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, 120 frutos, divididos, visualmente, em quatro classes, com predominância de tamanho, nas quais foram avaliados o diâmetro longitudinal e transversal e a massa das sementes. A caracterização da semente foi realizada em 30 frutos de cada classe, por meio da determinação do número de sementes íntegras, vazias e total de cada fruto. O potencial fisiológico das sementes, em função do tamanho dos frutos, foi analisado por meio dos seguintes testes: curva de embebição, grau de umidade, percentagem e índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de plântulas, massa fresca e massa seca total de plântulas. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos. Os frutos foram classificados de acordo com o diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, respectivamente, como pequeno (12,71 mm; 12,46 mm), médio pequeno (15,38 mm; 15,01 mm), médio grande (18,84 mm; 18,02 mm) e grande (22,74 mm; 22,36 mm). As classes de frutos pequeno, médio pequeno e médio grande apresentaram sementes com maior percentagem e velocidade de germinação, enquanto frutos classificados como grandes proporcionaram plântulas com maior acúmulo de biomassa.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of Campomanesia adamantium seeds to desiccation by drying in activated silica gel (fast) and under laboratory conditions (slow). To assess the sensitivity of the seeds to desiccation, we used drying with silica gel and drying under laboratory conditions (25 °C), in order to obtain seeds with moisture content of 45, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5%. The physiological potential of the seeds after desiccation was evaluated by measuring primary root protrusion, percentage of normal seedlings, germination seed index, seedling length, total seedling dry mass, electrical conductivity and DNA and RNA integrities. The C. adamantium seeds were sensitive to desiccation and to a reduction in moisture content to 21.1% or less by desiccation using silica gel, and to 17.2% or less by desiccation under laboratory conditions; impairment of the physiological potential of the seeds was observed at these low moisture content levels. The integrity of the seed genomic DNA was not affected after drying seeds in the two methods. However, drying in silica gel to 4.5% moisture content and drying under laboratory conditions to 5.4% moisture content resulted in the loss of seed RNA integrity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate gas exchange, efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, and antioxidant activity in Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. The seedlings were cultivated under different conditions of water availability, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of available water resources. The seedlings were cultivated in four different water retention capacities (WRC-25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), and evaluated at four different time (T-30, 60, 90, and 120 days). During the experimental period, seedlings presented the highest values for carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco (A/Ci), intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE = A/gs), chlorophyll index, and stomatal opening, when grown in the substrate with 75% WRC, but the stomatal index (SI) was less the 25% WRC. The efficiency of photosystem II was not significantly altered by the treatments. Comparison between the extreme treatments in terms of water availability, represented by 25% and 100% WRC, represent stress conditions for the species. Water availability causes a high activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in the plant.

The present work evaluated the conservation of Campomanesia adamantium seeds under different conditions. The fruits used in the study were collected from matrices located in the city of Ponta Porã-MS, Brazil. After processing, the seeds were slowly dried to different water content levels and subsequently exposed to various environmental conditions: 25˚C ± 2˚C, 35% relative humidity (laboratory); 16˚C ± 1˚C, 40% relative humidity (cold and dry); 8˚C ± 1˚C, 35% relative humidity (refrigeration); and −18˚C ± 1˚C, 42% relative humidity (freezing). Each treatment was conducted for 0 (recently processed seeds, with superficial drying of 40 minutes), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days. Seed potential was physiologically evaluated based on radicle protrusion, percentage of normal seedlings, seedling length (primary root, shoot and total), and dry mass of the seedlings. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial scheme with split-split plots (4 temperatures/environments × 5 water content × 7 storage periods). C. adamantium seeds tolerated a reduction in the water content to 15.3% but did not tolerate the storage period, confirming the recalcitrant behavior of the seeds.

Information on germination, seedling development, and substrates and water requirements of native Savannah species are scarce, for propagation and plantation establishments. Based on this, we evaluated the initial growth of Campomanesia adamantium seedlings sown into tubes containing substrates with different compositions and water retention capacities, including red latosoil; red latosoil and Bioplant ® (1:1); red latosoil, sand, and semidecomposed poultry manure (1:1:0.5); red latosoil and sand (1:1); and red latosoil, sand, and semidecomposed poultry manure (1:2:0.5). The tubes were irrigated three times per week to 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of their water retention capacities. The morphological characteristics of the seedlings and their quality indexes were analyzed 52, 83, 114, and 145 days after sowing. We tested all possible combinations of substrates and percentages of water holding capacities, with four replicates (12 tubes). The substrates of red latosoil plus sand and red latosoil plus Bioplant ® were found to be most suitable for the growth and development of C. adamantium seedlings at water retention capacities between 75% and 100%. Growing conditions with water retention capacities of 25% and 50% should not be used to produce seedlings of C. adamantium.

RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de guavira (Campomanesia adamantium Camb.) em diferentes revestimentos e temperaturas de armazenamento. Os frutos receberam os seguintes tratamentos: imersão em 1) carboxi metilcelulose a 1% (m/v) (CMC); 2) pectina a 3%; 3) pectina + cloreto de cálcio a 3% (m/v), e 4) sem tratamento (ST), todos embalados em polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) e armazenados por 0; 7; 14 e 21 dias em câmara B.O.D., nas temperaturas de 5; 10 e 15 ºC. A menor perda de massa e acidez titulável foram observadas a 5 ºC e na cobertura pectina + cálcio. O pH não variou entre as coberturas e manteve-se maior a 5 ºC. O teor de vitamina C foi maior sob efeito do revestimento de pectina + cálcio, com valores semelhantes aos iniciais a 5 °C e 10 ºC. Concluiu-se que as guaviras podem ser armazenadas por até 21 dias em temperatura de 5 ºC, revestidas com pectina + cálcio a 3%. Termos para indexação: Myrtaceae, carboximetilcelulose, pectina, atmosfera modificada. POSTHARVEST CONSERVATION OF guavira (Campomanesia adamantium Camb.) UNDER DIFFERENT COATING AND TEMPERATURES OF STORAGEABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest conservation of guavira (Campomanesia adamantium Camb.) in different coatings and temperatures. The fruit received the following treatments: immersion in 1) 1% carboxy methylcellulose (w /v) (CMC) 2) 3% pectin, 3) pectin + 3% calcium chloride (w / v) and 4) no treatment (ST) all packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE) and stored for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days in B.O.D. at temperatures of 5, 10 and 15 °C. The lowest weight loss and titratable acidity were observed at 5°C and the coated with pectin + calcium. The pH did not vary between the coatings and kept higher than 5 °C. The vitamin C content was higher under the influence of the coating of pectin + calcium with initial values similar to the 5 and 10 ºC. It was concluded that the guaviras can be stored for up to 21 days at 5 °C, coated with pectin + 3% calcium.

Alibertia edulis Rich. is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado and can be used for reforestation of degraded areas. In addition, it produces edible fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and water levels on the emergence, initial growth, and quality of seedling of A. edulis. The substrates tested were: latosol (L), latosol + sand (L + S = 1:1), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S1 + CM = 1:1:0,5), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S2 + CM = 1:2:0,5), and latosol + commercial substrate (L + C = 1:1); and the water retention capacities (WRC) tested were: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The experiment was carried through in a completely randomized design and subdivided into a plot scheme, in which the plots represented water availability and the subplots represented the substrates. Latosol + commercial substrate at 100% of WRC provided the best conditions for emergence, initial growth and formation of seedlings of A. edulis. Sowing in the substrate Dystroferric Red Latosol isolated at 25% of WRC should not be used for the formation of seedlings of this species.

No abstract