Statistical Optimization and Characterization of Acoustically Extracted Ananas Comosus Peel Powder With Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity

Abstract

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr is one of many commercially popular fruits in the cannery food industry that contributes to the increasingly mounting agro-industrial waste. In this study, a four−factor−three−level Box−Behnken design (BBD) that comprised of sonication time (A), solvent ratio (B), amplitude (C) and liquid−solid ratio (D) for the ultrasound−assisted extraction (UAE) of pineapple peels (PP) was utilized to optimize the yield of total phenolic content (TPC). Under an optimized UAE condition [5 min; 50 % of ethanol: water; 65 % of amplitude; 35:1 mL/g of liquid−solid ratio], the highest TPC from PP of 708.10 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW was achieved. Antioxidant capacity analysis of PP revealed a high total flavonoid content (TFC) with the IC50 for 2,2−diphenyl−1−picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 1146.86 ± 11.83 mg QE/g, 11.83 mg/mL and 1578.07 ± 25.96 µM Fe (II)/100g, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the major flavonoid in the phenolic profile of PP extracts being catechin followed by quercetin and gallic acid. The UAE of PP extracts exhibited higher TPC than known conventional extraction techniques, thus indicating its efficacy to recover satisfactory quantities of phenolics in PP under optimized conditions.

Application of Doehlert Experimental Design for Optimization of a New-Based Hydrophilic Interaction Solid-Phase Extraction of Phenolic Acids from Olive Oils

“…The interactions (X 1 X 2 , X 1 X 3 , and X 2 X 3 ) and quadratic coefficients (X 1 X 2 , X 2 X 2 , and X 3 X 2 ) of the model had significant values ( p < 0.01). Similar results were described by Yahia et al [ 42 ], Fratoddi et al [ 52 ], and Maran et al [ 55 ].…”

“…We have chosen a Factorial matrix of the experiments. These experiment matrices allow us to estimate the main effect of each influencing factor and the interactions between the factors [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The design resulting from all the combinations of the different levels attributed to the factors in the chosen experimental domain, as well as the extraction yields obtained with the 13 extractions presented in Table 1 .…”

“…The highest value of extraction yield (73.5%) agreed with the results reported in many studies [ 46 , 47 ]. The design results from all possible combinations of the different levels assigned to the factors in the chosen experimental domain of the Doehlert approach [ 29 , 42 , 45 ], as well as the extraction yields obtained during the 13 extractions expressed in %, are shown in Table 1 [ 47 ].…”

Ananas comosus Peels Extract as a New Natural Cosmetic Ingredient: Oil-in-Water (O/W) Topical Nano Cream Stability and Safety Evaluation

“…The inhibited growth of microorganisms in the Ac PE nano cream was due to the incorporated preservative (Phy-Et) in the formulation, coupled with the high concentration of polyphenolic compounds in Ac PE, as reported in our previous work [ 18 ]. The two bioactive ingredients thus augmented the antimicrobial strength of the Ac PE nano cream [ 53 ].…”

“…The optimized nano creams used in this study were prepared by observing the physicochemical properties in our previous work [ 18 ]. Consequently, the nano creams were assessed weekly for accelerated stability tests for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and presence of phase separation under 6 weeks of storage at three different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 50°C).…”