Stable infection of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) with bovine leukemia virus (BLV)

Cuesta, Lucía Martinez; Farías, María Victoria Nieto; Lendez, Pamela Anahí; Barone, Lucas José; Pérez, Sandra; Dolcini, Guillermina Laura; Ceriani, María Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.013

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We have previously demonstrated that BLV can stably infect the bovine mammary epithelial cell line, MAC-T (Martinez Cuesta et al, 2018). In this study, we show that this infection is productive, which means that MAC-T BLV cells release infective viral particles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…It is known that other retroviruses, such as HIV and HTLV, induce apoptosis of bystander cells (Doitsh et al, 2010;Finkel et al, 1995;Rivera-Walsh et al, 2001). Additionally, we have previously reported an increase in TNF-α expression in MAC-T BLV cells (Martinez Cuesta et al, 2018), which could be activating the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, it has been reported in HIV infection that syncytium formation is associated with apoptosis and that chronically infected cells induce apoptosis in non-infected cells (Gougeon et al, 1993;Laurent-Crawford et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Until now, studies that analyze the effect of BLV on mastitis incidence have had inconclusive results. BLV has been found in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells from infected cows (Buehring et al, 1994) and the feasibility of infection has been proved in vitro using a bovine mammary epithelial cell (MEC) line (Martinez Cuesta et al, 2018). Due to the role that MEC play during the first response to mastitis, it is important to analyze the effect that BLV infection has on the cells' capacity to detect pathogens and release inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bovine leukemia virus on bovine mammary epithelial cells

et al. 2019

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that infects cattle and is associated with an increase in secondary infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of BLV infection on cell viability, apoptosis and morphology of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T), as well as Toll like receptors (TLR) and cytokine mRNA expression. Our findings show that BLV infection causes late syncytium formation, a decrease in cell viability, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and an increase in TLR9 mRNA expression. Moreover, we analyzed how this stably infected cell line respond to the exposure to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a pathogen known to cause chronic mastitis. In the presence of S. aureus, MAC-T BLV cells had decreased viability and decreased Bcl-2 and TLR2 mRNA expression. The results suggest that mammary epithelial cells infected with BLV have altered the apoptotic and immune pathways, probably affecting their response to bacteria and favoring the development of mastitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bovine leukemia virus on bovine mammary epithelial cells

et al. 2019

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“…Any disturbance in this biological system could impair the normal response of this epithelium to pathogen invasion. Recently, a bovine mammary epithelial cell line was stably infected with BLV in vitro (MAC-T BLV) [5], showing that these cells are susceptible to productive BLV infection. Moreover, these cells showed reduced viability and TLR2 mRNA expression when exposed to heat-inactivated S. aureus, suggesting that the innate immune response could be impaired in BLV infected bMEC [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on bovine mammary epithelial cells RNA-seq transcriptome profile

et al. 2020

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a δ-retrovirus responsible for Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), a lymphoproliferative disease that affects cattle. The virus causes immune system deregulation, favoring the development of secondary infections. In that context, mastitis incidence is believed to be increased in BLV infected cattle. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome profile of a BLV infected mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Our results show that BLV infected MAC-T cells have an altered expression of IFN I signal pathway and genes involved in defense response to virus, as well as a collagen catabolic process and some protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Our results provide evidence to better understand the effect of BLV on bovine mammary epithelial cell's immune response.

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“…BLV has also been detected in other tissues including endothelial and mammary epithelial cells [ 130 , 131 , 132 ]. However, no enhancers contained within LTR that would be associated with these tissues-specific expression of the virus were described.…”

Section: A Variety Of Enhancers With Cell-type Specific Regulatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Expression and Latency in BLV and HTLV

Pluta

Jaworski

Douville

2020

Viruses

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Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belong to the Deltaretrovirus genus. HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of the highly aggressive and currently incurable cancer adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and a neurological disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). BLV causes neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle: enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). Despite the severity of these conditions, infection by HTLV-1 and BLV appear in most cases clinically asymptomatic. These viruses can undergo latency in their hosts. The silencing of proviral gene expression and maintenance of latency are central for the establishment of persistent infection, as well as for pathogenesis in vivo. In this review, we will present the mechanisms that control proviral activation and retroviral latency in deltaretroviruses, in comparison with other exogenous retroviruses. The 5′ long terminal repeats (5′-LTRs) play a main role in controlling viral gene expression. While the regulation of transcription initiation is a major mechanism of silencing, we discuss topics that include (i) the epigenetic control of the provirus, (ii) the cis-elements present in the LTR, (iii) enhancers with cell-type specific regulatory functions, (iv) the role of virally-encoded transactivator proteins, (v) the role of repressors in transcription and silencing, (vi) the effect of hormonal signaling, (vii) implications of LTR variability on transcription and latency, and (viii) the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms may allow for the development of more effective treatments against Deltaretroviruses.

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Stable infection of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) with bovine leukemia virus (BLV)

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of bovine leukemia virus on bovine mammary epithelial cells

Effect of bovine leukemia virus on bovine mammary epithelial cells

Effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on bovine mammary epithelial cells RNA-seq transcriptome profile

Regulation of Expression and Latency in BLV and HTLV

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