Effect of bovine leukemia virus on bovine mammary epithelial cells

Cuesta, Lucía Martinez; Farías, María Victoria Nieto; Lendez, Pamela Anahí; Rowland, Raymond R. R.; Sheahan, Maureen A.; Valenzuela, Felipe Andrés Cheuquepán; Marin, Maia Solange; Dolcini, Guillermina Laura; Ceriani, María Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197678

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Recently, a bovine mammary epithelial cell line was stably infected with BLV in vitro (MAC-T BLV) [5], showing that these cells are susceptible to productive BLV infection. Moreover, these cells showed reduced viability and TLR2 mRNA expression when exposed to heat-inactivated S. aureus, suggesting that the innate immune response could be impaired in BLV infected bMEC [6]. These findings signal the need for additional studies to better understand the effect of BLV infection on the bovine mammary epithelial immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on bovine mammary epithelial cells RNA-seq transcriptome profile

et al. 2020

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a δ-retrovirus responsible for Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), a lymphoproliferative disease that affects cattle. The virus causes immune system deregulation, favoring the development of secondary infections. In that context, mastitis incidence is believed to be increased in BLV infected cattle. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome profile of a BLV infected mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Our results show that BLV infected MAC-T cells have an altered expression of IFN I signal pathway and genes involved in defense response to virus, as well as a collagen catabolic process and some protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Our results provide evidence to better understand the effect of BLV on bovine mammary epithelial cell's immune response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on bovine mammary epithelial cells RNA-seq transcriptome profile

et al. 2020

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“…The TLR9 gene is upregulated in cattle with a BLV high proviral load, compared to animals with a low proviral load, as well as an increase in messenger RNA for the protein produced by this gene (34,35). It is unclear if the role of the blv-miR-B1-5p is to down-regulate the expression of this gene, given that in a BLV infection, TLR9 is overexpressed in cattle (34,35). Further studies would need to be pursued to understand the role of blv-miR-B1-5p in a BLV infection in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Viral microRNAs in Serum and White Blood Cells of Cows Exposed to Bovine Leukemia Virus

Casas

Lippolis

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) affects the health and productivity of cattle. The virus causes abnormal immune function and immunosuppression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in gene expression, having been associated with stress and immune response, tumor growth, and viral infection. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of circulating miRNAs produced by BLV in animals exposed to the virus. Sera from 14 animals were collected to establish IgG reactivity to BLV by ELISA, where seven animals were seropositive and seven were seronegative for BLV exposure. White blood cells (WBC) from each animal were also collected and miRNAs were identified by sequencing from sera and WBC. The seropositive group had higher counts of BLV miRNAs when compared to seronegative group in sera and WBC. Blv-miR-1-3p, blv-miR-B2-5p, blv-miR-B4-3p, and blv-miR-B5-5p were statistically significant (P < 0.00001) in serum with an average of 7 log2 fold difference between seropositive and seronegative groups. Blv-miR-B1-3p, blv-miR-B1-5p, blv-miR-B3, blv-miR-B4-3p, blv-miR-B4-5p, blv-miR-B5-5p were statistically significant (P < 1.08e −9) in WBC with an average of 7 log2 fold difference between the seropositive and the seronegative groups. Blv-miR-B2-3p and blv-miR-B2-5p were also statistically significant in WBC (P < 2.79e-17), with an average of 27 log2 fold difference between the seropositive and the seronegative groups. There were 18 genes identified as being potential targets for blv-miR-B1-5p, and 3 genes for blv-miR-B4-5p. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the target genes are mainly involved in the response to stress and in the immune system process. Several of the identified genes have been associated with leukemia development in humans and cattle. Differential expression of genes targeted by BLV miRNAs should be evaluated to determine their effect in BLV replication.

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“…It is understandable that different viruses have direct implications on the function of the innate and adaptive immune systems (4)(5)(6). Hereupon, several studies have investigated the effects of BLV infection on lymphocyte subpopulations (2,4,5,7,8), functions of neutrophils (4,6,9), mammary epithelial cells (10)(11)(12), and monocytes (13). However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of BLV infection on the function of milk macrophages and their viability are only speculative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Macrophage Function in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Dairy Cows

et al. 2021

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The implications of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on innate and adaptive immune responses have been widely investigated; however, the effects of BLV on mammary gland immunity require further investigation. The present study investigated the viability, phagocytic capacity, and intracellular production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by macrophages in milk samples from dairy cows naturally infected with BLV with or without persistent lymphocytosis (PL). No effect of BLV infection in the overall number of macrophages per milliliter and in the percentage of viable macrophages among overall milk viable cells was found. Furthermore, BLV-infected dairy cows had a higher frequency of viable milk macrophages, while healthy animals had a tendency toward a higher percentage of apoptotic milk macrophages. The percentage of milk macrophages that phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus in seronegative animals was higher than that in BLV-infected dairy cows. No effect of BLV infection on the intracellular RONS production and the intensity of phagocytosis by milk macrophages was observed. Thus, this study provides new insights into the implications of BLV infections in the bovine mammary gland.

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Effect of bovine leukemia virus on bovine mammary epithelial cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on bovine mammary epithelial cells RNA-seq transcriptome profile

Effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on bovine mammary epithelial cells RNA-seq transcriptome profile

Expression of Viral microRNAs in Serum and White Blood Cells of Cows Exposed to Bovine Leukemia Virus

Milk Macrophage Function in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Dairy Cows

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