SPECT analysis of regional cerebral blood flow changes in patients with schizophrenia during the Wisconsin card sorting test

Kawasaki, Yasuhiro; Matsuo, Yoshiki; Suzuki, Michio; Urata, Katsumi; Higashima, Masato; Kiba, Kiyoko; Yamaguchi, Nariyoshi; Matsuda, Hiroshi; Hisada, Kinichi

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(93)90045-k

Cited by 89 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, there is consistent evidence on the activation of the left prefrontal area during other cognitive tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST; Kawasaki et al, 1993;Posner and Petersen, 1990;Barcelo et al, 1997) and object/verbal working memory tasks McCarthy et al, 1996). On the other hand, the right prefrontal area is predominantly activated during spatial working memory tasks (McCarthy et al, 1996).…”

Section: Topographic Results Of Common Coherence Change Pattern In Fm mentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential topographic pattern of EEG coherence between simultaneous and successive coding tasks

Okuhata

Okazaki

Maekawa

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Topographic Results Of Common Coherence Change Pattern In Fm mentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential topographic pattern of EEG coherence between simultaneous and successive coding tasks

Okuhata

Okazaki

Maekawa

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Kawasaki and colleagues 33 observed a significant increase in blood flow in the ACC during the WCST in patients compared with controls, and Toone and colleagues 34 reported a positive relation between ACC activity and performance on the WCST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of set-shifting: decomposing executive functions in schizophrenia

Wilmsmeier

Ohrmann

Suslow

et al. 2010

jpn

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321Background: Although there is considerable evidence that patients with schizophrenia have impaired executive functions, the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits are unclear. Generation and selection is one of the basic mechanisms of executive functioning. We investigated the neural correlates of this mechanism by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods: We used the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in an event-related fMRI study to analyze neural activation patterns during the distinct components of the WCST in 36 patients with schizophrenia and 28 controls. We focused our analyses on the process of set-shifting. After participants received negative feedback, they had to generate and decide on a new sorting rule. Results: A widespread activation pattern encompassing the inferior and middle frontal gyrus, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), supplementary motor area, insula, caudate, thalamus and brainstem was observed in patients with schizophrenia after negative versus positive feedback, whereas in healthy controls, significant activation clusters were more confined to the cortical areas. Significantly increased activation in the rostral ACC after negative feedback and in the dorsal ACC during matching after negative feedback were observed in schizophrenia patients compared with controls. Controls showed activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46), whereas schizophrenia patients showed activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex only. Limitations: All patients were taking neuroleptic medication, which has an impact on cognitive function as well as on dopaminergic and serotonergic prefrontal metabolism. Conclusion: Our data suggest that, in patients with schizophrenia, set-shifting is associated with increased activation in the rostral and dorsal ACC, reflecting higher emotional and cognitive demands, respectively.

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“…3,4 Studies have been conducted to investigate the regional cerebral flood flow (rCBF), especially in the frontal lobe, of both normal subjects and schizophrenic patients while tak-ing the WCST. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Rezai et al showed that the WCST primarily activates the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of normal adults. 14 Nevertheless, Cantor-Graae et al found no significant prefrontal flow augmentations during performance of the WCST of healthy volunteers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in negative schizophrenia

Liu

Tam

Xie

et al. 2002

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and problem-solving thinking in negative schizophrenia. Twenty-one negative schizophrenic patients and 12 normal controls were studied with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were taken both at rest and during a prefrontal activation task using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Compared with controls, poor performances on the WCST of total trials category (TT), perseverative errors (PE) and non-perseverative errors (NE) were found in negative schizophrenic (P < 0.05). During WCST activation, patients showed interhemispheric differences in the prefrontal region, but under rest conditions, no such differences manifested. The negative schizophrenia group had a significantly lower rCBF change rate in profrontal lobe during stimulant WCST than those in normal controls (P < 0.05). The negative schizophrenic patient has executive function deficits and lower rCBF perfusion in left profrontal lobes, which suggest that the negative schizophrenic patient has dysfunction of the left profrontal region.

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SPECT analysis of regional cerebral blood flow changes in patients with schizophrenia during the Wisconsin card sorting test

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Differential topographic pattern of EEG coherence between simultaneous and successive coding tasks

Differential topographic pattern of EEG coherence between simultaneous and successive coding tasks

Neural correlates of set-shifting: decomposing executive functions in schizophrenia

The relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in negative schizophrenia

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