“…Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that children rely more on frontal brain areas at the beginning of learning mathematics and shift into parietal brain areas as they acquire more experience (see Ben-Shalom, Berger, & Henik, 2012, for a review). If successive processing activates parietal/temporal areas of the brain (Okuhata, Okazaki, & Maekawa, 2007), then it should contribute to mathematics in later grades. On the other hand, if frontal brain areas are activated during the initial phases of learning mathematics and planning is a frontal lobe operation, then planning should be most strongly related to mathematics at this age level (which we found in this study; see Table 12.2 and model B in Table 12.4).…”