Specifications of Cartographic Symbols for Indonesian Tactile Map

Abstract

Visual impairment people require a means of information transfer which different from normal people, it needs to be touched or amplified by audio, including maps that apprise them of the objects and events occurring on Earth. Cartographic Sciences have developed tactile maps that offers touchable symbols for supporting blind and partially sighted people in recognizing the spatial distribution of geographical phenomena and their intercorrelation. Creating an informative tactile maps need a specific design of symbol, ancillary information, and map reproduction that meets the need and the capacity of its users. Unfortunately, there has been no international standardization for these map features that could be used as a foundation to build a standardization for our national tactile map. Therefore, this research adopted and modified the designs of tactile symbols published by the National Mapping Council of Australia, the Guidelines for Design of Tactile Graphics by American Printing House, the use of tactile variables by Vasconcellos, the Specifications of Topographic Elements Mapping by Bakosurtanal, and the application of visual variables of Bertin for cartographic mapping. The resultant symbol designs from the modification were applied to develop the tactile maps of Yogyakarta City on swell paper. Then, through interviews with map users (visually impaired people in the city), we evaluated these symbols from two aspects, comprehension of tactile variables and the types of the tactile maps required.

A Bibliometric Study of Graphic Variables Used on Tactile Maps

“…In Brazil, researchers developed different tactile textures through 3D printing to help blind people interpret tactile maps (Oliveira et al, 2016). In Indonesia, researchers adopted and modified the designs of tactile symbols organized by specialized entities considering the tactile variables proposed by Vasconcellos, adapted from Bertin, to develop the tactile maps of the city of Yogyakarta (Rahardjo et al, 2019).…”

Tactile cartography in the digital age: A review and research agenda

“…There is also an important, steady beat of research on tactile map usability and cognition that does not necessarily involve digital or interactive maps, investigating topics including -but not limited to -symbolization (Lee, 2019;Rahardjo et al, 2019), estimating spatial relationships (Hagedorn, 2012;Simonnet et al, 2019), tactual perception (Bardot et al, 2014;Brock et al, 2012;Jansson and Monaci, 2003;Morash et al, 2014), representations of scale (Rastogi et al, 2013;Yayla, 2009), and the comparison of tactile maps to verbal descriptions (Habel et al, 2010;Koustriava et al, 2016). This research is certainly crucial for deepening our understanding of how tactile maps work and are used.…”

“…Tactile mapping research has avoided this trap better than many other fields, but we should not lose sight of the fact that there is still much work to be done with low-tech tactile mapping solutions. Strickfaden and Vildieu (2014), Perdue and Lobben (2016), Vondrakova et al (2019), andRahardjo et al (2019) have all conducted research that does not specifically evaluate the use of any sort of software or digital platform, yet still provide much-needed insights into how tactile maps work. Given that any sort of widely disseminated accessible document (e.g.…”

Nanoparticle of Silver Nitrate (Ag2NO3) and Carbamate (CO2NH3 derivatives) For Vector Control of Aedes aegypti

“…The climate change has an impact to various lives including the vector breeding [1]. The changes effecting to vectors especially in bionocyclic vectors, including Aedes aegypti as vector of infectious dengue fever [2].…”