The climate change has an impact on various lives, including in the vector breeding. The Aedes aegypti resistance as an infectious agent of dengue fever is harmful for life, especially to non-target organisms and the environment. Nano-silver (Ag2NO3), is a new form of engineering in vector control. The aim of this research was the toxicity test of nano-silver (Ag2NO3) and carbamate (CO2NH3 derivatives) on Aedes aegypti larvae. This was a laboratory research (true experiment), used for 3-4 instar stage larvae toxicity test . The number of samples was calculated using an experimental approach, with a completely randomized design. As simply, can formulated as follows, (t-1) (r-1)> 15. The amount of this samples were 14. The toxicity test with carbamate compounds, at concentration 0.01 mg / l as many as 80% larvae were death, whereas on concentrations 0.5 mg / l as many as 92% of the test animals were death. Toxicity test with nano-silver on concentration 0.3 mg / l, all of the test animals (100%) experienced were death. The results of the observations also showed that the instar more active in the low cocentration of Ag2NO3 (0.01 mg/l - 0.1 mg/l). The conclusion are, nano-silver is more effective than carbamate compounds, and there is a potential for resistance.
Interaction time significantly influenced the pattern of adsorption.This study aims to determine the characteristic of activated charcoal adsorbent, the decrease in phenol levels and its adsorption capacity, and test the adsorbent applicability to remove phenol from batik wastewater. The concentration of phenol was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the characters of activated charcoal adsorbent in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (INS) 06-3730-1995. Its characters were water content, ash content and iodine adsorption power. Characterization using Surface Area Analyser (SAA) showed that the surface area of activated charcoal was 68.54 m2/g. The percentage decrease in phenol concentration will be greater along with the increase in concentration where 92.90%; 95.60%; and 97.15% of phenol decrease were influenced by the increasing level concentration of 0.6 mg/L; 0.8 mg/L; and 1.0 respectively with 24 hours optimal contact time. The adsorption capacity of activated charcoal was 0.048575 mg/g while the isotherm adsorption pattern of adsorbent fulfilled the pattern of Freundlich isotherm. Therefore, the availability of high surface area makes the activated charcoal of marine pandan leaves has significant impact to the adsorption of phenol where it was contacted optimum at 24 hours interaction with Freundlich adsorption pattern.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a devastating impact on the world. Medical students who belong to psychologically vulnerable groups also share more burdens due to the medical education academic demands, curriculum transition to virtually-delivered format, and the risk of being infected by the disease during clinical settings. This study aims to identify the anxiety level of undergraduate and clerkship medical students to create proper and effective strategies to build good mental status among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a cross-sectional study. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire to assess respondents’ identity, demographic data, family history, perceptions about online/offline learning, and the researchers used the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) test to measure the anxiety level of the subjects. The subjects of this study were 164 medical students, divided into two groups, 94 final year undergraduate students and 70 final year clerkship students who were still doing their clinical rotations at the hospital. The findings of this study informed that the average anxiety level was 18.3 for undergraduate students and 19.6 for clerkship students. The TMAS score was higher among clerkship students than undergraduate students. However, the statistical analysis showed no difference (p=0.306) in TMAS scores between clerkship and undergraduate students. A close approach and continuous observation are needed because the higher the TMAS score indicates the higher the anxiety level.
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