Spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) of nanostructured titanium carbonitride powders

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

“…The evaporation of the sintering material itself as described by the Langmuir equation can lead to a change in composition/ stoichiometry and/or formation of defects. [86] To summarize, atmospheres present in FAST/SPS are typically low vacuum (in the range of 10 -4 to 10 -5 bar), [87,88] inert gas (i.e., argon or nitrogen, up to 1.3 bar) or reducing hydrogen gas mixture (i.e., forming gas), which are recommended atmospheres for sintering metals and non-oxide ceramics. However, as the sample is enclosed in the pressing tool, pressure and composition inside the tool can strongly differ from the atmosphere outside.…”

Challenges and Opportunities for Spark Plasma Sintering: A Key Technology for a New Generation of Materials

“…SPS compaction experiments of nanostructured titanium carbonitride powders, synthesized through rapid condensation from the gas-phase (high-frequency plasma), have been performed at 1600 and 1800 °C (sintering time = 1 min) [Angerer et al, 2005]. The sintering results were compared with data obtained by various conventional sintering techniques such as pressureless sintering, gas pressure sintering, and hot pressing.…”

Nanostructured Ti Consolidated via Spark Plasma Sintering

“…This is a wellestablished advantage of SPS process as illustrated by earlier studies. [18,21] In Figures 5(a) and (b), the effect of applied pressure was compared for different samples using a similar approach (i.e., identical heating rate, temperature, and dwell time). Not surprisingly, a higher applied pressure (80 MPa) improved the strength and ductility of samples due to the attained higher density and improved interparticle bonding.…”

“…In the last-two decades, SPS has emerged as an interesting consolidation approach given its reported ability to densify metal and ceramic powders fully in a short time interval, thereby helping retain the starting microstructure. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] SPS can be grouped as one of various field activated sintering methods that are commercially available, in which a pulsed electric current is passed through the powder sample in a graphite die pressed to desired pressure between two electrodes. [18,26,27] SPS has emerged as a possible consolidation pathway for NS materials given the shorter sintering times involved, which reportedly limit the grain growth, relative to the longer time exposures typically involved in conventional methods, such as hot pressing (HP) and hot isostatic pressing.…”