Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

Guillon, Olivier; González‐Julián, Jesús; Dargatz, Benjamin; Kessel, T.; Schierning, Gabi; Räthel, Jan; Herrmann, Matthias

doi:10.1002/adem.201300409

Cited by 994 publications

(578 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…Because of the incomplete uniformity and density of the stoichiometric mixture of the raw Co and Sb powders, the electric current applied during the PAS process cannot fully uniformly flow though the compacted powder. 30 Thus there are localized regions of higher Joule heating, where the temperature is enhanced beyond the melting point of Sb, although the average measured temperature on the graphite die is well below the melting point of Sb. The resulting local melting of Sb and its subsequent crystallization when the ingot is cooled to room temperature leave its specific imprint on the sample morphology and initiate a reaction sequence, which eventually forms the desired single-phase CoSb 3 material.…”

Section: Os-pas Technique T Liang Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Panoscopic approach for high-performance Te-doped skutterudite

Liang

Yan

et al. 2017

NPG Asia Mater

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One-step plasma-activated sintering (OS-PAS) fabrication of single-phase high-performance CoSb 3 -based skutterudite thermoelectric material with a hierarchical structure on a time scale of a few minutes is first reported here. The formation mechanism of the CoSb 3 phase and the effects of the current and pressure fields on the phase transformation and microstructure evolution are studied in the one-step PAS process. The application of the panoscopic approach to this system and its effect on the transport properties are investigated. The results show that the hierarchical structure forms during the formation of the skutterudite phase under the effects of both current and sintering pressure. The samples fabricated by the OS-PAS technique have defined hierarchical structures, which scatter phonons more intensely over a broader range of frequencies and significantly reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. High-performance bulk Te-doped skutterudite with the maximum ZT of 1.1 at 820 K for the composition CoSb 2.875 Te 0.125 was obtained. Such high ZT values rival those obtained from single filled skutterudites. This newly developed OS-PAS technique enhances the thermoelectric performance, dramatically shortens the synthesis period and provides a facile method for obtaining hierarchical thermoelectric materials on a large scale. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e352; doi:10.1038/am.2017.1; published online 24 February 2017 INTRODUCTION Thermoelectric technology uses solid-state semiconductors, which can directly convert heat into electricity and vice versa using the Seebeck effect for power generation and Peltier effect for cooling. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials is governed by the dimensionless figure of merit ZT = α 2 σT/κ, where α, σ, T and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, absolute temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively. Many studies have been conducted in the past decades 1-5 to enhance the thermoelectric properties with a focus on improving the power factor and decreasing the thermal conductivity. Because of the high electrical transport performance 6,7 and relatively good mechanical properties, 8 skutterudites are considered notably promising for commercial power generation thermoelectric applications 9,10 in the temperature range of 500-900 K. 6,7,11,12 However, the disadvantage of skutterudites is their notably high lattice thermal conductivity of 410 W m − 1 K − 1 . To obtain a higher conversion efficiency, the thermal conductivity must be further reduced.The thermal conductivity of skutterudites derives from the contributions of phonons with a notably broad range of frequencies and mean free paths (MFPs). [13][14][15][16][17] Those phonons are primarily scattered by features in the structure (dopant, nanostructures and so on) that are comparable in size to the MFP of the phonons. For example, the high-frequency (short-wavelength) phonons tend to be scattered more

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Section: Os-pas Technique T Liang Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Panoscopic approach for high-performance Te-doped skutterudite

Liang

Yan

et al. 2017

NPG Asia Mater

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the influence of the sintering parameters on the quality and mechanical properties of final iron-based consolidated materials has been extensively studied. [6][7][8] In this framework, the field-assisted hot pressing (FAHP) technique is situated, in which a high densification is performed by the simultaneous application of an uniaxial pressure and a low voltage and high alternate current to the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study and Suppression of the Microstructural Anisotropy Generated During the Consolidation of a Carbonyl Iron Powder by Field-Assisted Hot Pressing

García-Junceda

Acebo

Torralba

2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…They employ an electric field as a facilitator of such processes and are generally referred to as "Field Assisted Sintering Techniques" (FAST). [1][2][3][4] The so-called "Spark Plasma Sintering" (SPS) method is a FAST technique. The general principle of SPS is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a spark plasma sintering facility in a hermetic glovebox for compaction of toxic, radiotoxic, and air sensitive materials

Tyrpekl

Berkmann

Holzhäuser

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a rapidly developing method for densification of powders into compacts. It belongs to the so-called “field assisted sintering techniques” that enable rapid sintering at much lower temperatures than the classical approaches of pressureless sintering of green pellets or hot isostatic pressing. In this paper, we report the successful integration of a SPS device into a hermetic glovebox for the handling of highly radioactive material containing radioisotopes of U, Th, Pu, Np, and Am. The glovebox implantation has been facilitated by the replacement of the hydraulic system to apply pressure with a compact electromechanical unit. The facility has been successfully tested using UO2 powder. Pellets with 97% of the theoretical density were obtained at 1000 °C for 5 min, significantly lower than the ∼1600 °C for 5-10 h used in conventional pellet sintering.

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Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

Cited by 994 publications

References 224 publications

Panoscopic approach for high-performance Te-doped skutterudite

Panoscopic approach for high-performance Te-doped skutterudite

Study and Suppression of the Microstructural Anisotropy Generated During the Consolidation of a Carbonyl Iron Powder by Field-Assisted Hot Pressing

Implementation of a spark plasma sintering facility in a hermetic glovebox for compaction of toxic, radiotoxic, and air sensitive materials

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