“…There are some reports of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction being performed in neat water, which include reactions in the presence of phase-transfer agents [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and the use of hydrophilic ligands such as phosphines [ 20 , 21 ], oxime derivatives [ 22 ], oligoether-substituted benzimidazolim salts [ 23 ] and anionic N -donor ligands [ 24 ]. Other methods involving the use of supported materials [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] and Pd-nanoparticles [ 32 , 33 , 34 ] as heterogeneous catalysts also allow the reaction to be conducted in the aqueous phase.…”