No abstract

No abstract

Background This study aimed to understand the disease characteristics and treatment outcomes of Crohn’s disease (CD) in a real-world setting in China. Methods In this prospective, non-interventional, multicenter disease registry, adults (≥18 years) with existing and newly diagnosed CD were recruited from 14 medical centers across China from January 2015 to January 2017. The study consisted of the enrollment and follow-up periods, of 12 months each. Demographic, clinical characteristics, diagnostic duration and management of CD at enrollment were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis used to assess the relationship between the risk factors and CD. Results Of 504 enrolled patients, 499 (99.0%) were eligible for analysis. The mean (SD) age at study enrollment was 32.3 (11.43) years and the majority (69.7%) of participants were male. In the past 15 years, a sustained decrease of the period of time in the diagnosis of CD was observed, at about 39.4 (24.11) months in 2010, which decreased to 3.1 (2.13) months in 2015. The most common presenting symptoms of CD included abdominal pain (78.0%), diarrhea (58.1%), weight loss (52.9%) and fever (30.1%). Oral ulcer (19.4%) and arthritis (9.8%) were the most common extra-intestinal manifestations. Non-stricturing non-penetrating (B1) (49.9%) behavior and ileocolonic involvement (L3) (56.2%) location were more frequent. Perianal disease was observed in 29.1% of the patients. Around 23.8% (119/499) patients had CD-related surgery other than perianal disease surgery. Older age at enrollment, longer disease course, complicated disease behavior and absence of perianal disease were all surgery risk factors ( p < 0.05). The most common medications was immunomodulators (e.g., azathioprine) (41.5%), anti-TNFα agents (32.9%) and aminosalicylates (20.6%). The mean (SD) Crohn’s Disease Active Index (CDAI) score was 159.1 (91.45) and almost half of the patients (49.1%, 81/165) were in remission. Conclusions This study demonstrated the CD-disease characteristics, risk factors of CD-related surgery and perianal disease, and treatment strategies in a real-world setting in China and may help in developing programs to diagnose and manage patients with CD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-019-1057-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Poor preoperative nutritional status for individuals with Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with intra-abdominal septic complications (IASCs). The present study aimed to investigate the association of the common nutrition indices serum albumin and body mass index (BMI) with IASCs. Sixty-four CD patients who had received elective intestinal operations were retrospectively investigated. Among these patients, 32 had received individualized fortified nutrition support. IASCs occurred in 7 patients (10.9%). Compared with non-IASC patients, IASC patients had a lower BMI (17.6 ± 2.7 vs 15.6 ± 1.3 kg/m2, P = 0.048). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve according to the BMI-based IASC prediction was 0.772 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.601–0.944; P = 0.020) with an optimum diagnostic cutoff value of 16.2 kg/m2. A BMI < 16.2 kg/m2 significantly increased the risk of developing an IASC (odds ratio [OR], 10.286; 95% CI, 1.158–91.386). Even after correction with the simplified CD activity index (CDAI), a low BMI level remained associated with IASCs (OR, 7.650; 95% CI, 0.808–72.427; P = 0.076). Serum albumin was not associated with IASCs. Although the fortified nutrition support group had an albumin level comparable to the control group, this group had a higher simplified CDAI score, a lower BMI level, and a comparable incidence rate of IASCs. Thus, BMI more accurately reflects the basic preoperative nutritional status of CD patients than serum albumin. BMI can aid in guiding preoperative nutrition support and judging the appropriate operation time for CD.

A water-soluble and air-stable Pd(NH3)2Cl2/cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly-efficient and reusable catalyst for the coupling of aryl iodides and alkenes in neat water using Bu3N as a base. The reaction was conducted at 140 °C in a sealed tube in air with a catalyst loading as low as 0.0001 mol % for the coupling of activated aryl iodides with butyl and ethyl acrylates, providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields with very high turnover numbers. In the case of styrene, Mizoroki-Heck coupling products were obtained in good to high yields by using a greater catalyst loading (1 mol %) and TBAB as a phase-transfer agent. After extraction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times with only a slight decrease in its activity, making the Mizoroki-Heck reaction “greener”.

In this letter, we demonstrate a robust and stacked diode-switch organic nonvolatile bistable memory (DS-ONBM) using polymer-chain-stabilized gold nanoparticles on a plastic substrate in ambient air. The absorption spectrum of the gold nanoparticles shows ultraviolet (UV) absorption. Therefore, UV light is used to erase data in the DS-ONBM. The data in the memory can be retained for more than ten days in the air. The estimated retention time is nearly a year. This DS-ONBM is demonstrated to read, write, and retain the data and is reusable by UV-light illumination. Hence, the UV-erasable DS-ONBM is fully applicable in printed electronics such as RFID tags

No abstract

No abstract