Sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior as risk factors for human papillomavirus infection in Saudi Arabia

Alhamlan, Fatimah S.; Khayat, Hadeel; Ramisetty-Mikler, Suhasini; Al-Muammar, Tarfah; Tulbah, Asma; Al-Badawi, Ismail A.; Kurdi, Wesam; Tulbah, Maha; Alkhenizan, Abdullah; Hussain, Aneela; Ahmed, Mohammed; Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.004

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In 165 cervical specimens positive for HPV infection, viral load was detected in 125, 80 of which were HPV 16 and 45 of which were HPV 18. The rate of positive HPV cases was 18%, which is high compared with those of other studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, and the discrepancies among the results are likely attributable to the biased detection method (amplification vs. hybridization) [4]. One of the most important outcomes of the present study was the development and validation of an in-house qPCR assay for detection of HPV 16 and HPV 18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 viral loads as predictors associated with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia

Obeid

Almatrrouk

Khayat

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The detection of HPV viral DNA is regularly conducted with cervical screening. However, using a molecular marker such as the viral load may serve as a predictor associated with disease detection and progression. The present study aimed to screen for and genotype HPV among women in Saudi Arabia, develop and validate sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to detect viral load for the two most common HPV types, namely 16 and 18, and assess whether HPV viral load could be used as a marker for cervical abnormality and disease progression. This study examined 733 specimens (both formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens and PAP smear samples) from women who underwent cervical screening. The specimens and samples were processed for DNA extraction and then tested for HPV DNA using nested PCR. Approximately 165 specimens (18%) were positive for HPV. Those specimens were genotyped using a reverse line blotting hybridization assay. The results indicated that the most common HPV types detected were a single infection with HPV 16 (51%) or with HPV 18 (28%) followed by infections with multiple HPV types (~7%). A qPCR TaqMan assay developed and validated in-house was used to determine viral load for HPV genotypes 16 (n ¼ 80) and 18 (n ¼ 45). Viral loads for both HPV types were significantly associated with cervical cytology grade (P < 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) for the HPV 16 viral load was high for specimens with cervical cancer (OR, 18.8; 95% CI, 4.3-82.9) or for those with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (OR, 14.7; 95% Cl,). For the HPV 18 viral load, the OR was significant only for specimens with cervical cancer (OR, 11.1; 95% Cl, 2.2-54.9). Logistic regression models for HPV 16 and for HPV 18 viral load levels were significant, with higher viral load associated with cervical abnormalities. These findings indicate that viral load is a predictor significantly associated with cytology abnormality in women who are positive for high-risk HPVs and suggest that integrating a viral load test into current clinical screening practices for HPV-positive women is warranted in Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Data on HPV infection prevalence in Saudi Arabia is inconsistent; whereas some publications on positive sexually transmitted infections report a percentage as low as 5.8% [3], others report a much higher percentage of 17% [4]. The most commonly detected HPV genotypes in Saudi Arabia are 16 and 18 [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 viral loads as predictors associated with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia

Obeid

Almatrrouk

Khayat

et al. 2020

Heliyon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With early diagnosis, cervical cancer is preventable, and may even be curable. However, most Saudi women typically are diagnosed or seek treatment when in the advanced stages, which consequently reduces the rate of survival [10]. A hospital-based study of a cohort of mostly Saudi women reported a high prevalence of HPV, with 17% of 400 participants testing positive for HPV [10].…”

Section: Hpv and Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most Saudi women typically are diagnosed or seek treatment when in the advanced stages, which consequently reduces the rate of survival [10]. A hospital-based study of a cohort of mostly Saudi women reported a high prevalence of HPV, with 17% of 400 participants testing positive for HPV [10]. Additionally, in Saudi Arabia, there is no HPV immunization program in which HPV vaccines are available by patient request [11].…”

Section: Hpv and Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Implementing an SMS Messaging System to Overcome the Lack of Transmission of HPV Facts in Saudi Arabia

Bitar

Ryan

Alismail

2020

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the leading cause of cervical cancer, which kills hundreds of thousands of women around the world. Facts about HPV exist, yet there is a lack of knowledge about it among women who need to know. One factor that limits the spread of knowledge is that HPV is marked by stigma. Another factor is language barriers. The main aim of this research is to develop and implement a "theory of the solution" (Markus, 2014). The solution designed involves a 2-way interactive messaging system, directed by an HPVWA flowchart, to increase and maintain women's self-efficacy to educate themselves about HPV. The system is one possible solution to the problem of the lack of transmission of HPV facts. 34 Saudi women participated in the research. Its results indicate that using an SMS messaging system is an effective method to use to increase and maintain women's self-efficacy.

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“…Recent studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis conducted in Saudi Arabia, the largest in size and population of the GCC countries, show a relatively high prevalence of HPV infection [17][18][19]. One study investigated HPV 16/18 DNA prevalence among women attending a family medicine clinic for routine gynecological examinations in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Hpv and Cervical Cancer In Arabian Peninsula Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomaviruses: The cervical cancer saga in developing countries

Alhamlan

Al‐Ahdal

Al-Zahrani

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women, with worldwide annual incidence and mortality rates of 528,000 and 266,000, respectively, according to the World Health Organization. It is well established that cervical cancer is predominantly caused by a persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of cervical cells. Increasing numbers of studies have investigated HPV and cervical cancer, contributing greatly to the global knowledge and unraveling some of the critical questions regarding HPV transmission, infection, and prevention. However, despite these studies, our knowledge is far from complete and much remains to be discovered. Although molecular detection and HPV prophylactic approaches have greatly advanced in recent years, approximately 85% of the global burden of mortality from cervical cancer still occurs in developing countries. Clinical and molecular epidemiological studies have demonstrated a need for developing countries in general to adopt cervical screening and vaccination programs. However, studies examining cervical cancer screening modalities and HPV prevalence as well as whether HPV vaccination programs should be implemented are lacking at the national level in some developing countries. Therefore, this review describes the current status of HPV in developing countries, presenting some of the existing challenges in implementing cervical screening and HPV vaccination programs.

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Sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior as risk factors for human papillomavirus infection in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 viral loads as predictors associated with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia

Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 viral loads as predictors associated with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia

The Effect of Implementing an SMS Messaging System to Overcome the Lack of Transmission of HPV Facts in Saudi Arabia

Human papillomaviruses: The cervical cancer saga in developing countries

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