Objective To summarize the current status of, and the current expert opinions, recommendation and evidence associated with the use and implementation of electronic health (eHealth), telemedicine, and/or telehealth to provide healthcare services for chronic disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection) to identify relevant articles published between 2019 and 2020. Searches were restricted to English language articles only. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and keywords for relevance. The potential eligible articles, papers with no abstract, and those that fall into the uncertain category were read in full text independently. The reviewers met and discussed which articles to include in the final review and reached a consensus. Results We identified 51 articles of which 25 articles met the inclusion criteria. All included articles indicated the promising potential of eHealth, telehealth, and/or telemedicine solutions in delivering healthcare services to patients living with chronic diseases/conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We synthesized the main findings into ten usages and eight recommendations concerning the different activities for delivering healthcare services remotely for those living with chronic diseases/conditions in the era of COVID-19. Discussion and conclusions There is limited evidence available about the effectiveness of such solutions. Further research is required during this pandemic to improve the credibility of evidence on telemedicine, telehealth, and/or eHealth-related outcomes for those living with chronic diseases.

The lack of health knowledge among people may cause serious health problems. Cervical cancer, which kills hundreds of thousands of women around the world each year, is almost always caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Much is known about HPV that women could use to avoid infections, but widespread lack of transmission of HPV facts to women prevents them from taking the steps necessary to avoid infection. This paper theorizes about the problem of lack of transmission of HPV facts. Hence, "HPV Facts Transmission Model, Including Barriers and Resources Factors" has been identified. A "theory of the problem" [1] may assist in developing a "theory of the solution," in which to-be-developed IT artifacts could play an important role.1 Markus [1] proposed that IS/IT researchers should develop theories of problems and theories of solutions, discussed below.

Background Designing a health promotion campaign is never an easy task, especially during a pandemic of a highly infectious disease such as COVID-19. In Saudi Arabia, many attempts have been made to raise public awareness about COVID-19 infection and precautionary health measures. However, most of the health information delivered through the national dashboard and the COVID-19 awareness campaigns are generic and do not necessarily make the impact needed to be seen on individuals’ behavior. Health messages need to be applicable and reverent to the individual in the audience. Objective In light of Fogg-Behavior model, this research aims to build and validate a behavior-change-based messaging campaign to promote precautionary health behavior in individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intervention messages can then be targeted appropriately during the pandemic. Methods An initial library of 32 text-based and video-based messages were developed and validated based on Fogg behavior model for behavior change. Based on this model, three groups of messages were created to reflect the model’s three theoretical concepts of motivation, ability and triggers. Each group of messages is designed to target different segment of the audience. The content of the messages was developed based on resources from the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. The validity of this content was evaluated by domain experts through the content validity index. Results Fogg-behavior model was used to segment the audience into three different groups based on their perceived ability and motivation. The three groups of messages designed for those groups were found relevant to Fogg theoretical concepts. Thirteen professional health care workers (n = 13) evaluated the content of the message libraries in Arabic and English. Thirty-two messages were found to have acceptable content validity (I-CVI = 0.87). Conclusions This research introduced Fogg Behavior Model as a behavior change model to develop targeted messages for three groups of the audience based on their motivation and ability level toward maintaining precautionary behavior during the pandemic. This targeted awareness messaging campaign can be utilized by health authorities to raise individuals' awareness about the precautionary measures that should be taken, maintain these measures and hence help in reducing the number of positive cases in the city of Jeddah.

Despite the availability of online educational resources about human papillomavirus (HPV), many women around the world may be prevented from obtaining the necessary knowledge about HPV. One way to mitigate the lack of HPV knowledge is the use of auto-generated text summarization tools. This study compares the level of HPV knowledge between women who read an auto-generated summary of HPV made using the BERT deep learning model and women who read a long-form text of HPV. We randomly assigned 386 women to two conditions: half read an auto-generated summary text about HPV (n = 193) and half read an original text about HPV (n = 193). We administrated measures of HPV knowledge that consisted of 29 questions. As a result, women who read the original text were more likely to correctly answer two questions on the general HPV knowledge subscale than women who read the summarized text. For the HPV testing knowledge subscale, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of women who read the original text for only one question. The final subscale, HPV vaccination knowledge questions, did not significantly differ across groups. Using BERT for text summarization has shown promising effectiveness in increasing women’s knowledge and awareness about HPV while saving their time.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the leading cause of cervical cancer, which kills hundreds of thousands of women around the world. Facts about HPV exist, yet there is a lack of knowledge about it among women who need to know. One factor that limits the spread of knowledge is that HPV is marked by stigma. Another factor is language barriers. The main aim of this research is to develop and implement a "theory of the solution" (Markus, 2014). The solution designed involves a 2-way interactive messaging system, directed by an HPVWA flowchart, to increase and maintain women's self-efficacy to educate themselves about HPV. The system is one possible solution to the problem of the lack of transmission of HPV facts. 34 Saudi women participated in the research. Its results indicate that using an SMS messaging system is an effective method to use to increase and maintain women's self-efficacy.

United States electric utility industry is moving toward a new power grid that will accommodate bi-directional energy flow and the incorporation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Currently, utility companies lack tools to identify locations on the electric grid that can sustain DERs' adoption. This research explores the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a class of tools for developing spatial models, with the aim of optimizing the placement of DERs. The intent of this research paper is to propose a Geographic Decision Support Systems (GDSS) model as a solution for the utility industry to assist in the DERs' portfolio choices and provide actionable information for utilities, system operators, and power producers. Claremont city has been chosen as the research site to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model. This will also serve as the basis for future research.

The visualization of objects of an abstract nature has always been a challenge for chemistry learners. Thus, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) have been heavily invested in as immersive learning methods for these concepts. This study targets the segment of the chemistry curriculum involving the chemical elements of the periodic table. For this purpose, we developed the AR educational tool called MicroWorld. This Arabic educational AR app was developed in unity with Vuforia SDK. Using MicroWorld, students can visualize chemical elements microstructures in 3D, see 3D models of the elements in their substantial forms, and combine two chemical elements to see how certain chemical compounds can be formed. In this work, MicroWorld’s usability was evaluated by junior high school students and chemistry teachers using the Arabic system usability scale (A-SUS). The A-SUS average score was 71.5 for junior high school students, while the scale for teachers reached 76. This research aims to design, develop, and evaluate the AR app, MicroWorld. This app was built and evaluated through the lens of the design science research paradigm.

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