Social influence effects on automatic racial prejudice.

Abstract

Although most research on the control of automatic prejudice has focused on the efficacy of deliberate attempts to suppress or correct for stereotyping, the reported experiments tested the hypothesis that automatic racial prejudice is subject to common social influence. In experiments involving actual interethnic contact, both tacit and expressed social influence reduced the expression of automatic prejudice, as assessed by two different measures of automatic attitudes. Moreover, the automatic social tuning effect depended on participant ethnicity. European Americans (but not Asian Americans) exhibited less automatic prejudice in the presence of a Black experimenter than a White experimenter (Experiments 2 and 4), although both groups exhibited reduced automatic prejudice when instructed to avoid prejudice (Experiment 3). Results are consistent with shared reality theory, which postulates that social regulation is central to social cognition.

Internal Medicine Residents' Perceived Ability to Direct Patient Care: Impact of Gender and Experience

“…18,19 Finally, it is possible that the interviews were influenced by the gender of the interviewer through social tuning. 27 Our study supports the existence of gender differences in residents' perceptions and experiences in directing patient care and indicates that further research may be useful in exploring how female residents successfully negotiate the interactions of prescriptive gender norms for behavior with a directive leadership position. The resulting insights may help promote the success and career satisfaction of all resi-dents.…”

“…1), 45% women and 87% white of European descent. The mean age was 28.2 years (range [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Nonresponders were more likely to be male or departing postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) residents.…”

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Exploring the Impact of Private Versus Public Contexts and the Response Latency Criterion on Pro-White and Anti-Black Stereotyping Among White Irish Individuals

“…The current research is also the first to explore the effect of a public versus private setting on the IRAP, and the impact of reducing response latency. Consistent with previous IAT studies investigating contextual effects (e.g., Boysen et al, 2006;Lowery et al, 2001), we hypothesized that the public group would exhibit less racial stereotyping than would the private group. However, the public versus private manipulation in Experiment 1 had no significant impact on overall IRAP performance, and an effect opposite to that expected was found at the trial-type level.…”

“…The results showed that the public context significantly decreased the level of bias toward homosexuality relative to the private context. Critically, this finding suggests that the IAT may have some of the same drawbacks as explicit measures (see also Lowery, Hardin, & Sinclair, 2001;Richeson & Ambady, 2003).…”

Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength

“…Essentially, salient positive information about a given category produces IAT scores indicative of more favorable evaluations. Such manipulations have involved exposure to movie clips that depicted Blacks at a harmonious family event versus an argumentative, gang-related scene (Wittenbrink, Judd, & Park, 2001), presentation of a series of either admired Black individuals and disliked Whites or disliked Blacks and admired Whites (Dasgupta & Greenwald, 2001), assigning participants to interact with a Black partner who occupied a superior or subordinate task role (Richeson & Ambady, 2003), exposure to violent and misogynous rap music (Rudman & Lee, 2002), and introduction to the IAT (specifically as a procedure for assessing prejudice) by a Black versus a White experimenter (Lowery, Hardin, & Sinclair, 2001). Yet, such findings do not constitute unambiguous evidence for the inference that automatically-activated attitudes have been modified.…”