The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Exploring the Impact of Private Versus Public Contexts and the Response Latency Criterion on Pro-White and Anti-Black Stereotyping Among White Irish Individuals

Abstract

The current research comprised two experiments that employed the Implicit

Measuring implicit attitudes: A positive framing bias flaw in the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP).

“…Similarly, Barnes-Holmes et al (2010b) reported that participants evaluated black and white non-security related civilians with a gun as 'Safe' whereas we might expect that they would be viewed as dangerous. Both these results could be explained as an artefact caused by a …”

“…In another example, Barnes-Holmes, Murphy, Barnes-Holmes, and Stewart (2010b) found that participants associated pictures of a black person with a gun and pictures of a white person with a gun as 'Safe' (i.e., they were faster to press True rather than False to the joint presentation of a picture of a person with a gun and 'Safe'). This was not what the authors had predicted based on prior evidence that a civilian holding a gun in a neutral context would normally be considered as dangerous rather than safe (i.e., participants should FLAWS IN THE IRAP 8 press False quicker than True) 4 .…”

“…For example a person can have both a strong positive attitude towards giving blood (i.e., like helping people) but also have a strong negative attitude towards giving blood (i.e., fear of needles). Traditional bipolar attitude measures (e.g., like-dislike) treat positive and negative evaluative processes as reciprocally activated, equivalent and interchangeable which is not always the case (see Cacioppo, Gardner, Berntson, 1997 (2011, 2012; i.e., they found an anti-fat bias and a neutral/unbiased attitude towards thin people).In another example, Barnes-Holmes, Murphy, Barnes-Holmes, and Stewart (2010b) found that participants associated pictures of a black person with a gun and pictures of a white person with a gun as 'Safe' (i.e., they were faster to press True rather than False to the joint presentation of a picture of a person with a gun and 'Safe'). This was not what the authors had predicted based on prior evidence that a civilian holding a gun in a neutral context would normally be considered as dangerous rather than safe (i.e., participants should 5 .…”

Combining the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure and the Recording of Event Related Potentials in the Analysis of Racial Bias: a Preliminary Study

“…One of the earliest IRAP studies examined the response patterns of white participants toward pictures of black and white individuals (Barnes-Holmes, Murphy, et al, 2010).…”

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure As a Measure of Self-Esteem

“…Since these experiments were reported, other studies have used the IRAP to assess beliefs and attitudes in a number of domains, including racial stereotypes (Barnes-Holmes, Murphy, et al, 2010;Drake et al, 2010;Rashid, Haas, & Timko, 2007), urban versus rural life (Barnes-Holmes, Waldron, Barnes-Holmes, & Stewart, 2009), sexual orientation (Cullen & Barnes-Holmes, 2008), and meat eating versus vegetarianism (Barnes-Holmes, Murtagh, . One study found that IRAP response latency predicted performance on measures of intelligence (O'Toole & Barnes-Holmes, 2009).…”