Social and Personal Determinants of Adolescent Use and Abuse of Alcohol and Marijuana

Abstract

This article summarizes research on social and personal determinants of adolescent use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana to aid practitioners when designing interventions.

Background, psycho‐social factors and substance use: their effects on high school seniors’ perceptions of their education

“…Psycho-social theories focus on how the social environment interacts with personal variables to affect drug abuse among adolescents (Ashby, 1995;Beman, 1995;Capuzzi and Lecoq, 1983;Halebsky, 1987;Jessor and Jessor, 1977). Among psycho-social variables that affect problem behavior, researchers have identified social relationships, self-esteem, relative alienation from society, and unconventional views and behavior as associated with drug and alcohol involvement (Beman, 1995;Grimes and Swisher, 1989;Halebsky, 1987;Jessor, 1976;Newcomb et al, 1987).…”

“…There is general agreement on the major predictors of AOD use, and reviews of the correlates of AOD use are numerous (Ashby, 1995;Beman, 1995;Capuzzi and Lecoq, 1983;Dielman, 1989;Flay et al, 1983;Halebsky, 1987;Hawkins et al, 1985;1991;Huba et al, 1980;Kandel, 1980;1982;Kandel et al, 1978;Kovach and Glickman;Murray and Perry, 1985). As Wallace and Bachman (1991) argue, most approaches can be subsumed under the "problem behavior" model posited by Jessor (1976) and Jessor and Jessor (1977).…”

Shyness

“…Moreover, shy teenagers in their survey said that drugs or alcohol helped them feel less self-conscious and more a part of the group in social situations. Other research suggests that the relationship between shyness and delinquent behavior may be somewhat more complex than imply; shy teenagers who are not aggressive or impulsive may be particularly well behaved, whereas those who are both shy and aggressive tend to be especially prone to alcohol and drug abuse (for reviews, see Capuzzi &LeCoq, 1983, andMervis, 1984).…”

Το Ψηφιακό Σχολείο Στην Κοινωνία Της Πληροφορίας

“…Η έννοια του άγχους σε αυτή τη θεωρία περιλαµβάνει ένα ευρύ φάσµα διανοητικής διαταραχής, από την κατάθλιψη έως την εξάρτηση από τα ναρκωτικά (Rahe, 1979). Στην πραγµατικότητα, προηγούµενες έρευνες πάνω στον τοµέα του εθισµού, έδειξαν ότι ψυχιατρικές ασθένειες, όπως η κατάθλιψη, συνδέονταν συχνά µε τον αλκοολισµό και τον εθισµό στα ναρκωτικά (Capuzzi & Lecoq, 1983) και ότι και άλλες εθιστικές συµπεριφορές συνυπήρχαν µε την κατάθλιψη (Young & Rodgers, 1998b). Αν και η διακριτή αιτιώδης σχέση µεταξύ κατάθλιψης και εθισµού παραµένει ακόµα σκοτεινή, η ίδια συλλογιστική µπορεί να εφαρµοστεί και στον εθισµό στο ∆ιαδίκτυο (Marlatt et al, 1988 (Bandura, 1977, Bandura, Adams & Beyer, 1977, Bandura, Jeffrey & Gajdos, 1975 (Bandura, 1994b(Bandura, , 1997.…”