SNPs Associated With Testosterone Levels Influence Human Facial Morphology

Roosenboom, Jasmien; Indencleef, Karlijne; Lee, Myoung Keun; Hoskens, Hanne; White, Julie D.; Liu, Dongjing; Hecht, Jacqueline; Wehby, George L.; Moreno, Lina M.; Hodges‐Simeon, Carolyn R.; Feingold, Eleanor; Marazita, Mary L.; Richmond, Stephen; Shriver, Mark D.; Claes, Peter; Shaffer, John R.; Weinberg, Seth M.

doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00497

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Notably, however, a small number of studies have found that facial masculinity correlates with another proxy of circulating testosterone – physical strength among both men [40, 41] and women [35, 42]. It is highly likely that all the above-described associations relate to genetic differences in testosterone production as genetic variants that are associated to higher testosterone levels in the body are also associated with facial masculinity [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric traits predict educational attainment independently of socioeconomic background

2019

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BackgroundAim of this study is to describe the relationship between anthropometric traits and educational attainment among Estonian schoolchildren born between 1937 and 1962. We asked whether height, cranial volume and face width (a testosterone-dependent trait), measured in childhood predict later educational attainment independently of each other, family socioeconomic position (SEP) and sex. Associations between morphometric traits and education and their interactions with biosocial variables are of scholarly importance because higher education is nearly universally associated with low fertility in women, and often with high fertility in men. Hence, morphometric traits associated with educational attainment are targeted by natural selection and describing the exact nature of these associations is relevant for understanding the current patterns of evolution of human body size.MethodsData on morphometric measurements and family background of 11,032 Estonian schoolchildren measured between seven and 19 years of age were obtained from the study performed by Juhan Aul between 1956 and 1969. Ordinal logistic regression was used for testing the effects of morphometric traits, biosocial variables and their interaction on the cumulative probability of obtaining education beyond primary level.ResultsOf biosocial variables, family SEP was the most important determinant of educational attainment, followed by the sex, rural vs urban origin and the number of siblings. No significant interactions with morphometric traits were detected, i.e., within each category of SEP, rural vs urban origin and sex, taller children and those with larger heads and relatively narrower faces were more likely to proceed to secondary and/or tertiary education. The effect of height on education was independent of cranial volume, indicating that taller children did not obtain more educations because their brains were larger than those of shorter children; height per se was important.ConclusionsOur main finding – that adjusting for other morphometric traits and biosocial variables, morphometric traits still robustly predicted educational attainment, is relevant for understanding the current patterns of evolution of human body size. Our findings suggest that fecundity selection acting on educational attainment could be partly responsible for the concurrent selection for smaller stature and cranial volume in women and opposite trends in men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric traits predict educational attainment independently of socioeconomic background

2019

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“…Testosterone has been suggested as the primary mediator of the fWHR and aggression relationship [7,16,22]; however, several study results did not support this suggestion [4,22]. In a recent genetics study, three SNPs associated with the testosterone levels in the body were reported to have an apparent effect on mandible shape and fWHR [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many craniofacial properties show dimorphism between sexes; for instance, males are known for the broader zygomatic region, supraorbital ridge, and prominent mandibula, while females have longer and narrower faces, rounder and broader foreheads, and thicker lips compared to males [24,30]. In addition to the age, nutrition, biomechanical forces, the endocrine factors, especially pubertal sex hormones, have been established as the primary influencers of masculinization and feminization of craniofacial features [30]. The influence of pubertal testosterone was shown on facial width/lower facial height and cheekbone prominence decrease, and lower face height/full face height increase [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The craniofacial indicators of aggression: a cross-sectional multiparametric anthropometry study

2021

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The craniofacial features of a person are unique and critical in the evaluation of age, gender, and ethnicity. The relationship between craniofacial properties and behavioral patterns have been one of the most common research topics. There are studies on the association of facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and aggressive behavior in men; however, no consensus has been reached as there are inconsistent study results. Most of the studies focus on measuring the predetermined fWHR in searching for a link to aggression. As the literature lacks data on the associations of multiple craniofacial ratios and aggression, we aimed to study the correlation of aggressive behavior and multiparametric anthropometric measurements of the craniofacial region in a study group consisting of university students aging 18-38 years. The aggression questionnaire results showed that male students had statistically higher scores than females in all subdomains, except physical aggression. Anthropometric studies revealed that males had higher mean values of craniofacial dimensions and indices than females, except the frontal height, the total lip height, frontal index, and cranial length-head circumference index. The statistical analyses for correlations showed that frontal, upper facial, and total facial height-facial width indices correlated with general and verbal aggression, frontal and upper facial indices correlated with physical aggression, and upper facial and total facial height-facial width indices correlated with indirect aggression only in males. We conclude that our study represents the first example of an extensive craniofacial anthropometric research that correlates several craniofacial measurements and ratios with various aggression subdomains.

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“…Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis refutes claims of the former's moderation effect on emotion-processing functions in males (Ma et al, 2017), the latter has been shown to inhibit affective empathy (Crespi, 2016;Nitschke & Bartz, 2020) and cognitive appraisal processing (Carré et al, 2015;Herbert, 2018) in both males and females by modulating information flows between the amygdala and forebrain structures such as the vmPFC (Chen et al, 2016). Additionally, genetics research demonstrates a significant mediation effect of testosterone on sexually-dimorphic arrangements of various craniofacial structures (Roosenboom et al, 2018), including fWHR (Weinberg et al, 2015). Ergo, it is not without precedent to suggest that increased levels of testosterone may account for the higher externally-attributed ratings of masculinity and malevolent aggression in high-psychopathy facial composites (e.g., Lyons et al, 2015;cf.…”

Section: The Case For Successful Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Moderation Effects of Education and the Role of Personality Attribution in a Convergent Model of Successful Psychopathy

G¹,

Wallace²,

Fido³

2020

Preprint

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In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the successful psychopath: An individual who manages to achieve occupational success despite exhibiting core psychopathic traits such as callousness. Several studies suggest this phenomenon is underpinned by a specific configuration of adaptive psychopathic traits that may facilitate positive behaviour in combination with protective variables such as education. In addition, research indicates that psychopathic personalities may be further enabled in occupational domains by specific facial cues pertaining to their underlying personality traits. The present study examined these assertions in a two-part cross-sectional design. Part 1 assessed the extent to which self-report psychopathy (as a function of education) predicted professional success in an occupational sample of 161 participants. In part 2, a convenience sample of 131 participants selected their preferred leaders from male- and female-face pairs communicating high and low psychopathy. Regression analyses revealed that psychopathy was negatively (but not significantly) related to professional success when expressed as a function of education. Conversely, a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that low psychopathy was preferred in female, relative to male, target faces. Overall, the results provided little support for psychopathy having positive impacts on professional success.

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SNPs Associated With Testosterone Levels Influence Human Facial Morphology

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Morphometric traits predict educational attainment independently of socioeconomic background

Morphometric traits predict educational attainment independently of socioeconomic background

The craniofacial indicators of aggression: a cross-sectional multiparametric anthropometry study

Exploring Moderation Effects of Education and the Role of Personality Attribution in a Convergent Model of Successful Psychopathy

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