The craniofacial indicators of aggression: a cross-sectional multiparametric anthropometry study

Abstract

The craniofacial features of a person are unique and critical in the evaluation of age, gender, and ethnicity. The relationship between craniofacial properties and behavioral patterns have been one of the most common research topics. There are studies on the association of facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and aggressive behavior in men; however, no consensus has been reached as there are inconsistent study results. Most of the studies focus on measuring the predetermined fWHR in searching for a link to aggression. As the literature lacks data on the associations of multiple craniofacial ratios and aggression, we aimed to study the correlation of aggressive behavior and multiparametric anthropometric measurements of the craniofacial region in a study group consisting of university students aging 18-38 years. The aggression questionnaire results showed that male students had statistically higher scores than females in all subdomains, except physical aggression. Anthropometric studies revealed that males had higher mean values of craniofacial dimensions and indices than females, except the frontal height, the total lip height, frontal index, and cranial length-head circumference index. The statistical analyses for correlations showed that frontal, upper facial, and total facial height-facial width indices correlated with general and verbal aggression, frontal and upper facial indices correlated with physical aggression, and upper facial and total facial height-facial width indices correlated with indirect aggression only in males. We conclude that our study represents the first example of an extensive craniofacial anthropometric research that correlates several craniofacial measurements and ratios with various aggression subdomains.

Farkas Indices- Facial Anthropometry, Key To Identify Aggression In School Going Children Of India: A Review

“…Psychological stress can be determined by altered level of cortisol. Lower cortisol levels increase stress level and the tendency of hyperkinetic behavior (Gülcen, 2021). Various aggression subdomains like hostility, anger, physical aggression and verbal aggressions can be correlated with various facial landmarks and are yet to be more researched as well as confirmed longitudinally (Majumder, 2018).…”

Identification of A Novel Anthropometric Indices Correlating Aggression: A Case Study Based On Extremes Of Bengal

“…Future research may add more references to it (Jessica, 2021). The findings of a prenatal survey in comparison to the teenage population showed an assertion that pubertal testosterone can be determined not directly by fWHR, whereas the other anthropometric determinations are more vivid, for example few of the palm indices (Gülcen, 2021). Though the sexual dimorphism is not associated with the testosterone directly but may underlie many facts that the level of testosterone is partially related to the facial width so as the facial height to width ratio varies accordingly, more studies in this regard are yet to be analyzed (Lefevre, 2013).…”