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BackgroundDespite almost all babies being breastfed initially, the exclusive breastfeeding rate at six months is less than 30% in China. Improving professionals’ knowledge and practical skill is a key government strategy to increase breastfeeding rates. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a breastfeeding DVD training method for clinicians on improving their knowledge and confidence in the breastfeeding support skills of teaching mothers Positioning and Attachment (P & A) and Hand Expression (HE).MethodsA randomised controlled trial was conducted in three hospitals in Zhejiang province, China in 2014. Participants were recruited before their routine breastfeeding training course and randomly allocated to intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The 15 min “Breastfeeding: Essential Support Skills DVD” was the intervention for IG and a vaginal delivery DVD was used for CG. All participants completed questionnaires of job information, knowledge and confidence in the two skills before (baseline) and immediately after viewing the DVD (post DVD).ResultsOut of 210 participants, 191 completed knowledge assessments before and after watching the DVD (IG n = 96, CG n = 95), with the response rate of 91.0%. At baseline, there are no significant differences in job variables, total knowledge scores and confident scores. The total knowledge score significantly increased post-DVD for IG (pre-DVD: M = 5.39, SD = 2.03; post-DVD: M = 7.74, SD = 1.71; t (95) = − 10.95, p < 0.01), but no significant change in total knowledge score for CG between pre- and post-DVD (pre-DVD: M = 5.67, SD = 1.70; post-DVD: M = 5.56, SD = 1.63; t (94) = 0.85). The total confidence scores were significantly higher post-DVD than pre-DVD in IG (pre-DVD: M = 66.49, SD = 11.27; post- DVD: M = 71.81, SD = 9.33; t (68) = − 4.92, p < 0.01), but no significant difference was seen in CG between pre- and post-DVD total confidence scores (pre-DVD: M = 68.33, SD = 11.08; post-DVD: M = 68.35, SD = 11.40; t (65) = − 0.25). Personal and job variables did not mediate these effects.ConclusionsThe breastfeeding training DVD improved professionals’ knowledge and confidence of the two breastfeeding support skills. However, the effect on professionals’ practice and on breastfeeding outcomes needs to be examined in the future.

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The concept of successful psychopathy has been debated for years, however, there is yet no unified approach to its definition and conceptualisation. Such individuals are said to encompass the core traits associated with psychopathy, whilst continuing to function in society, potentially having superior levels of functioning. This review assimilates the existing literature related to successful psychopathy in the general population. An extensive systematic review was performed using four databases, and two key concepts; namely success and psychopathy. After removing duplicates and articles deemed irrelevant, 180 papers were appraised against the review’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining 19 papers underwent quality control by two raters. A narrative synthesis was performed. The key factors associated with the successful psychopathy construct were fearlessness, stress immunity, social potency, normal or superior cognitive performance, professional achievement, stable socioeconomic status, leadership, pride, and aversion to punishment during conflict. Inconsistent findings were considered a result of the variations in psychopathy measurements used, and a lack of an agreed definition of success. Recommendations are provided for the establishment of a unified framework, and the need for a moderated measure of successful psychopathy to allow more systematic research into the notion of successful psychopathy in the general populations.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the successful psychopath: An individual who manages to achieve occupational success despite exhibiting core psychopathic traits such as callousness. Several studies suggest this phenomenon is underpinned by a specific configuration of adaptive psychopathic traits that may facilitate positive behaviour in combination with protective variables such as education. In addition, research indicates that psychopathic personalities may be further enabled in occupational domains by specific facial cues pertaining to their underlying personality traits. The present study examined these assertions in a two-part cross-sectional design. Part 1 assessed the extent to which self-report psychopathy (as a function of education) predicted professional success in an occupational sample of 161 participants. In part 2, a convenience sample of 131 participants selected their preferred leaders from male- and female-face pairs communicating high and low psychopathy. Regression analyses revealed that psychopathy was negatively (but not significantly) related to professional success when expressed as a function of education. Conversely, a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that low psychopathy was preferred in female, relative to male, target faces. Overall, the results provided little support for psychopathy having positive impacts on professional success.

Objective: Despite legislative developments within the UK seeking to reduce domestic abuse, not only are reports of domestic abuse increasing, but both survivors and perpetrators of domestic abuse engage in self-harming behavior and suicide attempts. Some of whom ultimately die by suicide. As such, identifying those at risk of self-harm within this population is paramount. Method: This study presents an analysis of a secondary dataset of 836 adults who presented at a UK-based domestic abuse charity between 2017 and 2022. The dataset was derived through a knowledge exchange partnership and featured both survivors and perpetrators of domestic abuse. Results: Though the logistic regression model was more proficient at predicting those more likely to not engage in self-harm, than those more likely to engage in self-harm, self-harm was predicted by witnessing domestic abuse as a child, reporting aggressive behavior, and previously or currently abusing alcohol, with the presence of aggressive behavior being the strongest predictor. Opposing existing literature, neither abusing drugs nor (not) having children contributed significantly to this model. Conclusions: Though results of this study require replication and extension, they indicate a series of variables which might serve as internationally relevant key indicators of risk for self-harm in survivors and perpetrators of domestic abuse. Charities which serve this population might seek to develop further educational material and interventions to rapidly deliver to service users who indicate risk during initial and subsequent consultations.

Malnutrition in women and children in Bangladesh is one of the highest in the world with 33% of <5 children underweight and 36% stunted (NIPORT 2014). Imbalanced diet and inappropriate feeding practices are the major determinants of child undernutrition. Poverty, low income, and price hikes restrict poor families from accessing sufficient and diversified nutritious foods, which leads to their food and nutrition insecurity (Ghose 2014). To generate positive impacts on nutritional outcomes, agricultural interventions require more focus on nutrition and need to be linked to nutrition specific interventions (Haselow et al 2016). Improving homestead fruit and vegetable production integrating with enhanced communications about nutrition would lead to improved dietary diversity and nutritional status of children (Mulmi 2017). Combining agriculture with behaviour change communication and nutrition-sensitive interventions would improve diet and feeding quality to reduce child undernutrition. Such integrated intervention requires rigorous design and implementation strategy to generate an impact.This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention package that combines nutrition-specific (nutrition counselling) and nutrition-sensitive (counselling and support for agriculture, and unconditional cash transfers) delivered on a mobile phone platform for improving maternal and child feeding behaviours among low-income families in rural Bangladesh. We conducted a mixed-methods feasibility study. The intervention included counselling on homestead gardening techniques and infant feeding by agriculture and nutrition workers using smartphone apps. Women received weekly individual counselling at home and group counselling fortnightly. Each participating woman received an unconditional monthly incentive of BDT 1200 cash transfer through a mobile banking system called bKash. The intervention took place for 6 months. We collected data through in-depth interviews and a cross sectional surveys of the participants and their family members.The women were interested in both agriculture and nutrition counselling and understood the messages clearly.They established homestead garden of seasonal vegetables successfully that included preparing beds, planting seedlings, nurturing the plans, and harvesting. Seasonal rainfall and damage by hens and ducks were major challenges but most of the families were able to find a solution. Most of the women preferred to consume own produced vegetables and spending the cash provided on purchasing nutritious foods such as fruits, egg, and milk for their children as advised in the counselling. The project implementation staff and the bKash agent did not report any difficulties in using the mobile banking system for cash transfer. Combining nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions is a feasible and acceptable approach to the community to improve maternal and infant feeding practices. Using mobile phone technologies can provide additional benefit for the intervention to rea...