SNPs and other polymorhisms associated with acaricide resistance in  i Rhipicephalus microplus  i

Aguilar, Gabriela Monserrat Mimendi; Olvera, Andrea Margarita; Carvajal, Bertha Isabel; Mosqueda, Juan

doi:10.2741/4582

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…This resistance is multifactorial and usually can be developed by several means through behavioral, biochemical, and metabolic ways ( Cossío-Bayúgar et al , 2018 ; Thangam and Kathiresan, 2021 ). That is why molecular markers have been developed to target the nucleotide sequence and genes responsible for this resistance as sodium channels, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, β-adrenergic octopamine receptor, and octopamine–tyramine in the insect as reported by Kumar (2019) and Aguilar et al (2018) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in-vivo and in-vitro Effectiveness of Three Insecticides Types for Eradication of The Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Dogs

Aboelela¹,

Sobieh²,

Abouelhassan³

et al. 2022

Open Vet J

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Background: External parasites contribute to extensive harmful impacts on their hosts which is why control and eradication of external parasites have been included in all biosecurity plans of dog houses. Aim: To evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo effectiveness of chemicals like Doramectin injectable and Fipronil 50 mg/ml drops and herbal mixes eco-friendly insecticides like phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray for combating the external parasitism in dogs and their influence on the hematological, biochemical, and cortisol (CORT) profiles. Method: The in-vitro effectiveness of the insecticides was conducted by using a total of 216 developmental stage Rhipicephalus sanguineus (72 adults, 72 larvae, and 72 eggs) designed into three replicates of petri dishes (3 plates × 8 units × 3 stages/replicate); each replicate was exposed to 1 ml insecticide. The number of surviving ticks was recorded after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours. Sixteen Rottweiler male dogs aged 1 year and 45.5 kg were divided into four groups. Three groups (G1, G2, and G3) were experimentally infested with R. sanguineus ticks 3–4 weeks post-dog arrival and kept under observation from zero-time of experimental infestation for 1–2 weeks. The three experimentally infested dog groups were treated with Doramectin injectable, Fipronil 50 mg/ml drops, and phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray, respectively, and the fourth group was designed as a negative control. A total of 144 samples, including 48 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood, 48 whole blood, and 48 sera samples, were collected. Results: The in-vitro efficacy revealed highly significant ( p < 0.01) 100% killing efficacy that was achieved after 8 hours in Doramectin and Fipronil 50 mg/ml and 24 hours in phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix. The in-vivo trials revealed highly significant ( p < 0.01) improvements of red blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, platelets, total and differential leukocytic counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates in the second hour, total protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, urea, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and CORT levels in the 2-week (P 1 ) and 4-week posttreatment (P 2 ) samples in Dormectin, Fipronil 50 mg/ml, and phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix-treated dogs with more pronounced recovery in phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray-treated dogs. Conclusion: The insecticides were able to provide a high level of protection against experimental infestation with concern to the different modes of application. Phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray (eco-friendly) achieved higher insecticidal act...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in-vivo and in-vitro Effectiveness of Three Insecticides Types for Eradication of The Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Dogs

Aboelela¹,

Sobieh²,

Abouelhassan³

et al. 2022

Open Vet J

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“…This chemical acts as an octopamine receptor when applied to the tick, leading to reduced numbers of active neurons, resulting in tick paralysis and death [ 3 ]. The mechanism of tick resistance to acaricide is described by an increase in the tick’s metabolic activity that produces metabolic enzymes that detoxify any toxic substance as soon as possible before it gets to the target sites [ 35 ]. The current study found that the majority of the ticks were susceptible to exposure to different field-level concentrations of the acaricide amidines (49% at 250 ppm), OPs (33% and 47% at 300 ppm and 500 ppm, respectively), and SPs (44% and 23% at 150 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks collected from communal grazing cattle in South Africa

Yawa¹,

Nyangiwe²,

Jaja³

et al. 2022

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study aimed to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks collected from grazing cattle between November 2018 and May 2019 in Elundini, Senqu, and Walter Sisulu Local Municipalities in the northeastern region of the Eastern Cape Province. Materials and Methods: A sample of 20–30 adult engorged female R. decoloratus ticks were collected from at least 10 randomly selected cattle (highly tick-infested) at each dip tank and placed into the labelled plastic collection bottles containing absorbent paper and with a perforated lid at a constant room temperature of ±28°C and >70% relative humidity until resistance testing commenced. The Shaw larval immersion test method was used to determine R. decoloratus larvae resistance to various acaricide concentration levels [amidines, organophosphate (OP), and synthetic pyrethroids (SPs)]. Results: This study found that most ticks were susceptible to exposure to different acaricide field concentrations of amidines (49% at 250 ppm), OPs (33% and 47% at 300 ppm and 500 ppm, respectively), and SPs (44% and 23% at 150 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively). The resistance testing results showed no resistance to amidines at any localities and no resistance to OP in the Senqu region. However, resistance development of the larvae to amines, OPs, and SPs was extensively observed in Senqu (18%, 6%, and 7%), Elundini (15%, 15%, and 17%), and Walter Sisulu (13%, 19%, and 9%) regions, respectively. Conclusions: The larvae’s resistance is a cause for worry. Hence, the continuous monitoring of tick resistance to commonly used acaricides will help mitigate widespread acaricidal resistance and sustain livestock productivity.

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“…The development of molecular markers for the detection and monitoring of acaricide resistance against different drug classes requires the identification of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes that are linked to drug resistance. There are several molecular markers that have been developed for the resistance monitoring of Rhipicephalus microplus and to lesser extent also for R. sanguineus which include mutations in the target genes of sodium channels, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, β-adrenergic octopamine receptor and octopamine-tyramine ( Klafke et al, 2017 ; Aguilar et al., 2018 ; Kumar, 2019 ). These markers allow the detection of resistance-associated genes within tick populations before they reach high levels.…”

Section: The Australian Paralysis Tick Ixodes Holocyclus ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting dogs and cats against the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus (Acari: Ixodidae): A review of the Australian acaricide registration process

Roeber¹,

Webster²

2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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SNPs and other polymorhisms associated with acaricide resistance in i Rhipicephalus microplus i

Cited by 16 publications

References 101 publications

The in-vivo and in-vitro Effectiveness of Three Insecticides Types for Eradication of The Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Dogs

The in-vivo and in-vitro Effectiveness of Three Insecticides Types for Eradication of The Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Dogs

Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks collected from communal grazing cattle in South Africa

Protecting dogs and cats against the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus (Acari: Ixodidae): A review of the Australian acaricide registration process

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