Background: External parasites contribute to extensive harmful impacts on their hosts which is why control and eradication of external parasites have been included in all biosecurity plans of dog houses. Aim: To evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo effectiveness of chemicals like Doramectin injectable and Fipronil 50 mg/ml drops and herbal mixes eco-friendly insecticides like phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray for combating the external parasitism in dogs and their influence on the hematological, biochemical, and cortisol (CORT) profiles. Method: The in-vitro effectiveness of the insecticides was conducted by using a total of 216 developmental stage Rhipicephalus sanguineus (72 adults, 72 larvae, and 72 eggs) designed into three replicates of petri dishes (3 plates × 8 units × 3 stages/replicate); each replicate was exposed to 1 ml insecticide. The number of surviving ticks was recorded after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours. Sixteen Rottweiler male dogs aged 1 year and 45.5 kg were divided into four groups. Three groups (G1, G2, and G3) were experimentally infested with R. sanguineus ticks 3–4 weeks post-dog arrival and kept under observation from zero-time of experimental infestation for 1–2 weeks. The three experimentally infested dog groups were treated with Doramectin injectable, Fipronil 50 mg/ml drops, and phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray, respectively, and the fourth group was designed as a negative control. A total of 144 samples, including 48 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood, 48 whole blood, and 48 sera samples, were collected. Results: The in-vitro efficacy revealed highly significant ( p < 0.01) 100% killing efficacy that was achieved after 8 hours in Doramectin and Fipronil 50 mg/ml and 24 hours in phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix. The in-vivo trials revealed highly significant ( p < 0.01) improvements of red blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, platelets, total and differential leukocytic counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates in the second hour, total protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, urea, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and CORT levels in the 2-week (P 1 ) and 4-week posttreatment (P 2 ) samples in Dormectin, Fipronil 50 mg/ml, and phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix-treated dogs with more pronounced recovery in phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray-treated dogs. Conclusion: The insecticides were able to provide a high level of protection against experimental infestation with concern to the different modes of application. Phenylpyrazole–garlic–camphor mix spray (eco-friendly) achieved higher insecticidal act...

Background: Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder resulting from lack or inadequacy of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme activity. Caring for and making nutritional decisions for a child with phenylketonuria puts a great deal of stress on the parents. Moreover, the financial and psychological burden of the disease as well as its chronic nature could affect the psychological well-being of both parents and their children with phenylketonuria. Aim: to assess the struggles and psychological well-being of parents and their children with phenylketonuria. Subjects & Method: a correlational descriptive study design was conducted on of 145 parents and their children with phenylketonuria. Tools: three tools were used to collect the necessary data for the current study, tool (I): Self-administered questionnaire to collect bio-sociodemographic data, tool (II): Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, tool (III) The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: it was found that 17.9%, 29%, and 15.9% of the participant parents have extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. The results also reveal that 64.8%, 59.3%, 53.1%, and 58.6% of the studied children have emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems respectively. Moreover, 62.8% of the studied children have a negative impact on different areas of their everyday life related to the difficulties they have. Conclusion: the studied parents struggle to provide care and special foods for their children with phenylketonuria. Behavioral and psychological difficulties facing children with phenylketonuria affect the psychological well-being of their parents. Recommendations: further qualitative studies are needed to provide deep insights into challenges perceived by parents of Phenylketonuria children. Designing and implementing training programs for parents to improve their coping strategies and psychological well-being is mandatory.

Background: Sexual harassment is a crucial public problem among adolescents. So; empowering adolescent girls to entitlement their rights, and creating an environment where they can live free from discrimination and violence, is critical. Aim of the study: was to determine the prevalence of sexual harassment among adolescent girls and the role of social and psychological empowerment in moderating its effects. Subjects and method : Research design: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in 6 preparatory and secondary schools at Mania ALQamh, Kafer Saqre, and Mashtol AL-Soqe cities, Al-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects: The study was conducted on 650 adolescent girls who were randomly selected by using a multi-stage cluster sampling. Tools of data collection: Four tools were used to collect the necessary data as follows; a self-administered questionnaire, AAUW Sexual Harassment Survey, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Psychological/Spiritual Subscale of the Quality-of-Life Index. Results: The study results revealed that 72.9% of the studied girls had experienced sexual harassment before, and 70.8% of them experienced verbal harassment. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between harassment scores and social and psychological empowerment scores. Also, statistically positive correlations were found between social and psychological empowerment scores. Conclusion: sexual harassment is a highly prevalent problem among adolescent girls. The presence of appropriate social and psychological empowerment was associated with a reduced rate of sexual harassment among the studied girls. Moreover, highly socially empowered girls experienced fewer negative effects of sexual harassment. Recommendations: further qualitative studies are needed to explore the role of empowering young girls in preventing sexual harassment and sexual violence.