Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared to a reference population

Forslund, Heléne Bertéus; Torgerson, Jarl; Sjöström, Lars; Lindroos, Anna‐Karin

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802950

Cited by 263 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Results showing that the BMI correlated negatively with the daily number of snacks are unexpected; however, there is evidence to suggest that snacking, per se , may not necessarily predispose to overweight (Drummond et al 1996;Berteus-Forslund et al 2005). The explanation for such a correlation found in this study may lie in a result previously published where fruit was shown to be first choice for snacks in Croatian university students (Colić Barić et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Diet quality in Croatian university students: Energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes according to gender

Šatalić

Barić

Keser

2007

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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The aim of the study was to evaluate diet quality and nutrient intakes in Croatian university students, which are missing for the past 15 years, and also to report the prevalence of overweight/obesity and underweight. The subjects were 663 students (average age 22 years), representing 0.6% of all Croatian university students. The Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire, checked for reproducibility and validity, was used for dietary assessment. Students on average had an adequate number of daily meals and snacks, but consumption of breakfast was irregular, particularly for men. The average energy intake was 130.1% of the dietary reference intake and the protein intake was more than double the dietary reference intake in 64.3% students. Dietary fiber, iron (in females), calcium, zinc, folate, and vitamins C, A and E intake were below recommendations in both genders. Only 3.8% of females and 21.9% of males were overweight/obese (body mass index >25 kg/m(2)). Nutrient intakes significantly differed according to gender and better macronutrient but not micronutrient intakes were observed in females.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Diet quality in Croatian university students: Energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes according to gender

Šatalić

Barić

Keser

2007

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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“…There is a great deal of controversy as to the optimal frequency of eating occasions or even whether it is truly necessary for healthy individuals to eat between meals. Snacking is generally associated with excess calorie consumption, but for some groups it increases the ability to meet guidelines for milk and fruit consumption (Bertéus Forslund, Torgerson et al 2005; Sebastian, Cleveland et al 2008). Given that youth typically consume insufficient fruits and vegetables, these should be preferentially made available, if snacking is necessary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent girls’ most common source of junk food away from home

et al. 2012

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Contextual factors associated with adolescent girls’ dietary behaviors could inform future interventions to improve diet. High school girls completed a 7-day diary, recording all trips made. In places other than home or school they recorded the food eaten. Girls made an average of 11.4 trips per week other than home or school. Snacks high in solid oils, fats and added sugars (SOFAS) were frequently consumed. Girls reported eating an average of 3.5 servings per week of snacks high in SOFAS at someone else’s house compared to 3.0 servings per week at retail food outlets. Findings demonstrate that low nutrient foods are ubiquitous and efforts should be made to reduce their availability in multiple settings.

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“…This finding seems plausible, given the observed positive association between eating frequency and energy intake [67,75,76]. In addition, the authors called attention to the apparent inverse relation between eating frequency and adiposity measures, such as an artifact that in part can be attributed to the underreporting of eating frequency concomitant with the underreporting of energy intake by obese or overweight subjects [74].…”

Section: Eating Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Abdominal Obesity

Olinto¹,

Theodoro²,

Canuto³

2017

Adiposity - Epidemiology and Treatment Modalities

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Abdominal obesity (AO) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. AO is a multifactorial disorder arising from genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Thus, in this chapter, we devote ourselves to the exercise of trying to explain the epidemiology of AO in adults. We showed the increasing prevalence of AO around the world, and a gender difference in this determination was observed. Among women, the population group who is the most affected by AO, a higher prevalence of AO is observed in individuals living in low-or middle-income countries (LMIC), who are older, multiparous, and in the menopausal transition, and who belong to the poorest strata and have lower educational level. While among men, the risk of AO is positively associated with socioeconomic status, particularly in LMIC. Regarding behavioral factors (eating frequency, sleep duration, physical activity, and smoking), gender differences are difficult to be detected due to the lack of studies investigating their association with AO according to sex. However, the current evidence suggests that men benefit more from consuming a greater number of meals a day and women are more affected by the harmful effects of physical inactivity. We argued AO, despite biological conditions associated with behavior factors, should be examined as an important issue of gender inequality in health, possibly mediated by socioeconomic and behavioral differences between men and women.

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Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared to a reference population

Cited by 263 publications

References 33 publications

Diet quality in Croatian university students: Energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes according to gender

Diet quality in Croatian university students: Energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes according to gender

Adolescent girls’ most common source of junk food away from home

Epidemiology of Abdominal Obesity

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