Smoking Related Systemic and Oral Diseases

Vellappally, Sajith; Fiala, Zdeněk; Šmejkalová, Jindra; Jacob, Vimal; Somanathan, Rakesh V

doi:10.14712/18059694.2017.76

Cited by 59 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Likewise, there is strong evidence that tobacco use has numerous negative effects on oral health, for example, staining of teeth and dental restorations, reduction of the ability to smell and taste, development of oral diseases such as smokers' palate, smokers' melanosis and coated tongue. In addition, it seems that tobacco consumption can be partially related to oral pre-cancer, oral cancer, oral candidosis, periodontal disease, implant failure and dental caries (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Habits and Oral Health Status in Selected Indian Population

Vellappally¹,

Jacob²,

Šmejkalová³

et al. 2008

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYThis cross-sectional study was aimed at possible relationships between tobacco habits and selected behavior characteristics in an adult sample from India. Contemporaneous clinical examination comprised an intra-oral examination with specific emphasise to dental caries status in the form of DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index. The study comprised 805 subjects in the age group from 30 to 69 years (72% of males and 28% of females). The participants were divided into regular smokers, occasional smokers, ex-smokers, tobacco chewers and non-tobacco users. The highest prevalence of oral mucosal lesions were found in tobacco chewers (22.7 %) followed by regular smokers (12.9 %), occasional smokers (8.6%), ex-smokers (5.1%) and non tobacco users (2.8%) (p < 0.001). The mean number of decayed teeth was highest in tobacco chewers (6.96) followed by regular smokers (6.44) and ex-smokers (5.5) (p < 0.001). The mean number of missing teeth was highest in the group of regular smokers (1.9) and lowest in non-tobacco users (1.53), but the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.529). The mean number of filled teeth were highest in the group of tobacco chewers (3.67) followed by regular smokers (3.29) (p < 0.001). DMFT value of tobacco chewers, regular smokers and ex-smokers is higher when compared to non-tobacco users (p < 0.001). The study documents that chewing tobacco and smoking can present significant risk factors for dental caries. However, the conclusions are burdened by some limitations. Further studies for investigation of the effect of tobacco using on dental caries are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Habits and Oral Health Status in Selected Indian Population

Vellappally¹,

Jacob²,

Šmejkalová³

et al. 2008

Cent Eur J Public Health

Self Cite

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“…The greatest risk is to smokers who also use alcohol. Patients who regularly use both tobacco and alcohol account for about 75% of all oral and pharyngeal cancer patients [109,110] . Smokers who develop oral cancers and continue to smoke are at higher risk of developing recurrent or additional oral cancers, while those who stopped smoking were less likely to develop additional cancers [111] .…”

Section: Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cigarette smoking is a common cause of offensive, bad breath (halitosis or malodor) [109] . Halitosis often results when odors produced by the inhalation of the tobacco components are retained in the lung ' s alveolar tissues.…”

Section: Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because cigar and pipe tobacco products emit intense sulfur odors, those who smoke cigars and pipes tend to have more offensive breath than cigarette users [142] . When tobacco use is discontinued, halitosis tends to regress and improve [109] .…”

Section: Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suppression of the taste and smell perception 13.5 Other Dental Conditions 271 in smokers may produce some dietary changes, such as the increased desire for salt, sugars, and spices [109] .…”

Section: Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking and Oral Health

Allam

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2011

Cigarette Smoke Toxicity

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Comparison of gingival depigmentation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and surgical stripping, a 12-month follow-up

et al. 2018

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Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is an esthetic concern for many individuals. In this study, we compared the standard surgical removal method with two different Er,Cr:YSGG laser settings in order to find the best treatment method. In 33 dental arches, the following three treatment groups were comparatively evaluated: (1) surgical stripping, (2) removal with laser setting 1 (4.5 W, 50 Hz, 100% water, 80% air, 60 μs, 800 μm Tip; MZ8), and (3) laser setting 2 (2.5 W, 50 Hz, 20% water, 40% air, 700 μs, 800 μm Tip; MZ8). We comparatively evaluated pain, patient satisfaction and wound healing, treatment time, and the amount of bleeding. Re-pigmentation was evaluated after 1 and 12 months by Hedin and Dummet pigmentation scores. Laser setting 1 had the best results regarding pain and patient satisfaction, although not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Wound healing results were better using lasers compared to surgical stripping (P < 0.05). Laser setting 1 was a faster procedure with mild amounts of bleeding. The least amount of bleeding was seen with laser setting 2. After 1 month, only two cases of the laser setting 2-treated areas showed an isolated pigmented area in the papilla; at 12 months, the mean Hedin indexes were still less than 2 and mean Dummett index less than 1 in all treatment techniques, with the lowest scores seen in the laser setting 1 sites. Based on our results, Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be more convenient for gingival depigmentation compared to surgical blade. Although not statistically significant, laser setting 1 with shorter pulse duration and higher water spray showed better overall results. However, laser setting 2, with longer pulse duration and less water spray, resulted in better coagulative effects and can be used to control bleeding wherever necessary in clinical practice.

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Smoking Related Systemic and Oral Diseases

Cited by 59 publications

References 58 publications

Tobacco Habits and Oral Health Status in Selected Indian Population

Tobacco Habits and Oral Health Status in Selected Indian Population

Smoking and Oral Health

Comparison of gingival depigmentation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and surgical stripping, a 12-month follow-up

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