Smoking and depression

Paperwalla, Khatija N.; Levin, Tomer T.; Weiner, J. S.; Saravay, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.06.007

Cited by 134 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Indeed, obesity may lead to lower self-esteem and subsequent depression (Sheslow et al, 1993). The observed positive relation between smoking and depression also agrees with findings of other studies (Anda et al, 1990;Paperwalla et al, 2004). In a number of studies, it appears that depression is an antecedent of smoking.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Depression and long chain n-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue in adults from Crete

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Depression and long chain n-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue in adults from Crete

et al. 2006

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“…With depression, this may be due to the psychological dependency on tobacco, where smoking serves to relieve internal tension such as feelings of emptiness, anxiety, fear, and stress 2 . Various studies have shown this same exposure as significant in the decision to quit smoking 15,16 . As for age at smoking initiation, studies identify this factor as related to smoking cessation 9,21 ; however, these studies generally state that individuals who start smoking earlier have more difficulty quitting, which goes against the current study's findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The following independent variables were used to analyze determinants of smoking cessation: per capita household income (in quartiles, with lowest income as the 1 st quartile), schooling in years (grouped in five categories: zero, 1-3, 4-7, 8-10, and ≥ 11 years), age (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), and ≥ 60 years), age at smoking onset (< 18 years and ≥ 18 years), gender, and self-rated health (very good or good versus fair, poor, or very poor).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies have attempted to identify psychological 2,15,16 and/or work and household-related factors 5 that lead individuals to quit smoking, but there are few analyses of the socioeconomic factors associated with this outcome, especially in the Brazilian population 6 . Other studies have sought evidence of an association between smoking and certain diseases 2 , but few have attempted to determine whether these diseases are relevant motivating factors to quit smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with smoking cessation in Brazil

Tejada¹,

Ewerling²,

Santos³

et al. 2013

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…1979, Benwell and Balfour, 1982, Benwell et al, 1990, Rasmussen and Czachura, 1997, Kenny et al, 2001. Moreover, smoking is more common in individuals with depression, a disorder associated with modified 5-HT neurotransmission (Breslau et al, 1993, Covey et al, 1998, Diwan et al, 1998, Balfour and Ridley, 2000, Picciotto et al, 2002, Paperwalla et al, 2004, Rohde et al, 2004. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha4 containing nicotinic receptors are positioned to mediate postsynaptic effects on 5-HT neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus

Commons

2008

Neuroscience

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the alpha4 and beta2 subunits constitute the most abundant high-affinity binding site of nicotine in the brain and are critical for the addictive qualities of nicotine. Serotonin neurotransmission is thought to be an important contributor to nicotine addiction. Therefore in this study it was examined how alpha4-containing receptors are positioned to modulate the function of serotonin neurons using ultrastructural analysis of immunolabeling for the alpha4 receptor subunit in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), a primary source of forebrain serotonin in the rat. Of 150 profiles labeled for the alpha4 subunit, 140 or 93% consisted of either soma or dendrites, these were often small-caliber (distal) dendrites <1.5 um in diameter (63/150 or 42%). The majority (107/150 or 71%) of profiles containing labeling for alpha4 were dually labeled for the synthetic enzyme for serotonin, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). Within dendrites immunogold labeling for alpha4 was present on the plasma membrane or near postsynaptic densities. However, labeling for alpha4 was commonly localized to the cytoplasmic compartment often associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plausibly representing receptors in transit to or from the plasma membrane. Previous studies have suggested that nicotine presynaptically regulates activity onto serotonin neurons, however alpha4 immunolabeling was detected in only 10 axons in the DR or 7% of profiles sampled. This finding suggest that alpha4 containing receptors are minor contributors to presynaptic regulation of synaptic activity onto serotonin neurons, but rather alpha4 containing receptors are positioned to influence serotonin neurons directly at postsynaptic sites. Keywordsacetylcholine; nicotine; anxiety; 5-HT-1A; addictionThe dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) is one of the primary sources of serotonin (5-HT) in the forebrain. Cholinergic modulation of the DR likely influences several physiological functions including sleep cycle (Portas et al., 2000), anxiety and pain sensitivity. In addition, the actions of nicotine in the DR may contribute to nicotine addiction. Acute nicotine administration modifies 5-HT release in the forebrain (Toth et al., 1992, Ribeiro et al., 1993, Summers et al., 1996. Chronic nicotine administration produces alterations in 5-HT receptors, transporters and brain metabolism of 5-HT in both humans and animal models (Benwell and Balfour, Correspondence to: Kathryn G. Commons, Ph.D., Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Enders 1206e, Boston, MA 02115, Telephone: 617-919-2220, Fax: 617-730-0235, Email: Kathryn.Commons@Childrens.Harvard.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discove...

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Smoking and depression

Cited by 134 publications

References 67 publications

Depression and long chain n-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue in adults from Crete

Depression and long chain n-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue in adults from Crete

Factors associated with smoking cessation in Brazil

Alpha4 containing nicotinic receptors are positioned to mediate postsynaptic effects on 5-HT neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus

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