A distance regulation method has been developed to enhance the reliability, versatility, and ease of use of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The method relies on the detection of shear forces between the end of a near-field probe and the sample of interest. The system can be used solely for distance regulation in NSOM, for simultaneous shear force and near-field imaging, or for shear force microscopy alone. In the latter case, uncoated optical fiber probes are found to yield images with consistently high resolution.

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Kuno's monograph (1934) (Houghten, Teague & Miller, 1926) of 94°F. Every 20 min. during the first 2 hr. of each exposure the men performed a set amount of work. The work consisted of stepping on and off a stool, 1 ft. high, for 5 min., and the grade of work was altered by increasing the rate of stepping on and off. During the first exposure, the first three bouts of work were at such a rate that the men stepped on and off the stool twelve times per mi. and, for the last two, twenty-four times per min. During the next four or five exposures the first bout of work only was at the slower rate. In the cases of W. and McK. the duration of the work period was lengthened to 7j min. in the last three exposures.These rates of work were so designed as to allow the rectal temperature of each subject to rise to 102°F. or slightly over.Observations on sweating were made in the 50-60 min. following the last work period, at a time when the subject had a maximum rectal temperature and was sweating profusely.Sweat was collected from a number of small areas in each anatomical region by the following technique. The area selected was dried for 10 sec., and then a brass ring 7 cm. in diameter and 2 cm. deep was held lightly pressed down on the area. The ring carried a well-fitting lid, to minimize evaporation from the sweat accumulating within the ring. The ring prevented sweat trickling away from the area or reaching it from adjacent areas. After 2 min. the lid was removed, and, during the next J min., the sweat within the ring was mopped up by means of a previously dried and weighed cotton pledget. The increase in weight of the pledget was then determined.Thus sweat, accumulating in 2i min. within the ring from an area corresponding to a plane surface of 38-5 sq.cm., was collected. The actual skin surface under the ring is of course not a flat

Although DNR directives are commonly utilized and their use has increased significantly over the past 6 years, most cancer patients/surrogates sign the directives on the day of death. The proximity between signing and death may be a marker of delayed end-of-life palliative care and suboptimal doctor-patient communication. These data underscore the importance of communication-training research tailored to improve end-of-life decision making.