Smart cities in perspective – a comparative European study by means of self-organizing maps

Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Arribas‐Bel, Daniel

doi:10.1080/13511610.2012.660330

Cited by 207 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Along this line, Hollands (2008) notes that the embedding of ICT in urban infrastructure is not sufficient to make a city smart. According to him and others (e.g., Kourtit, Nijkamp, and Arribas 2012), the term "smart city" refers more broadly to the development of a knowledge economy within a city-region. In the same line of reasoning, Nam and Pardo (2011) recognize creativity as a key driver of smart cities and thus consider people, education, learning, and knowledge to be of central importance to the concept of a smart city.…”

Section: Human and Social Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

How smart is smart? Theoretical and empirical considerations on implementing smart city objectives – a case study of Dutch railway station areas

Wijs

Witte

Geertman

2016

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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The current widespread attention on the concept of smart city in both policy and practice has stimulated academic discussion regarding the scope and applicability of this concept. An important question is whether cities and regions are truly advanced in implementing the concept in their policies and practices relative to its conceptual elaborations in academia. The aim of this paper is to analyse this congruence between theory and practice in the context of the ongoing transformations of railway station areas in European urban regions. Based on in-depth interviewing using aspects of Q-methodology, this paper investigates whether and how smart city concepts are implemented by stakeholders in three station redevelopment projects in the Netherlands. The results show that the current implementation of smart city concepts in practice is varied but modest and not (yet) very advanced. Knowledge exchange and innovations are currently hampered by a lack of acceptance and knowhow among stakeholders, as well as by institutional and competitive constraints. For instance, stakeholders stress that data privacy regulations should be well organized before further implementation can occur. Transparency about how and what data are used may create more willingness among users to assist in developing and accepting new data technologies. However, the technologies are not yet completely developed, and concerns about the "loss" of personal privacy are holding back the widespread and advanced use of data supplied technologies. Although stakeholders seem to be aware of the opportunities the smart city concept offers, for now, the widespread implementation of innovative and advanced smart city concepts remains in the future.Keywords: smart city; smart governance; railway station areas; Q-methodology; stakeholders IntroductionIn recent years, the concept of the "smart city" has been taken up by many city leaders, IT companies and scholars worldwide, resulting in a flurry of professional (e.g., ARUP 2010; Washburn and Sindhu 2010), popular (Greenfield 2013;Townsend 2013) and scholarly (Deakin 2011; Glasmeier and Christopherson 2015) publications on the topic. To an increasing extent, both practitioners and policy-makers proclaim that their cities and regions are "smart", a designation exemplified by, for example, smart city events and Research, 2016 Vol. 29, No. 4, 424-441, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2016 rankings of smart cities. For example, Utrecht is one of the most competitive European regions and develops many smart projects related to climate policy, traffic, services, life sciences and gaming (The New Economy 2014). Amsterdam has its own smart city portal on which it promotes initiatives such as a 3D-printed canal house and a selfreliant sustainable energy network for the entire city. Such examples raise the expectation that these cities and regions are rather advanced in implementing the smart city concept in their policies and practices. The question remains, however, as to whether this is truly the case and whether co...

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Section: Human and Social Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

How smart is smart? Theoretical and empirical considerations on implementing smart city objectives – a case study of Dutch railway station areas

Wijs

Witte

Geertman

2016

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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“…The authors used a knowledge indicator database and defined a typology based on principal components factor analysis and cluster analysis [36]. Kourtit [3]. Therefore, the roadmap of nine cities could be found.…”

Section: Smart City Benchmarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, projects such as "WISEBED" or "Smart Santander" propose architectures of communications and related services for smart cities [17,21,22]. Smart cities in Europe also emphasize human capital, including highly educated people, knowledge-intensive jobs, output-oriented planning systems, creative activities and sustainability-oriented initiatives [3,10,[23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of modern technology in everyday urban life, cities are increasingly moving from "sense of place"-a collection of static infrastructures-to a "place of senses"-a dynamic and evolving smart ecosystem known as digital cities, intelligent cities, high-tech district, virtual cities, information cities, wired cities, creative cities and knowledge-based cities [3][4][5][6][7][8]. To distinguish with these concepts, the idea of "smart city" has appeared and become fashionable currently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Performance of the Smart Cities in China—A Comparative Study by Means of Self-Organizing Maps and Social Networks Analysis

Tian

Liu

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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Smart cities link the city services, citizens, resource and infrastructures together and form the heart of the modern society. As a "smart" ecosystem, smart cities focus on sustainable growth, efficiency, productivity and environmentally friendly development. By comparing with the European Union, North America and other countries, smart cities in China are still in the preliminary stage. This study offers a comparative analysis of ten smart cities in China on the basis of an extensive database covering two time periods: 2005-2007 and 2008-2010. The unsupervised computational neural network self-organizing map (SOM) analysis is adopted to map out the various cities based on their performance. The demonstration effect and mutual influences between these ten smart cities are also discussed by using social network analysis. Based on the smart city performance and cluster network, current problems for smart city development in China were pointed out. Future research directions for smart city research are discussed at the end this paper.

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“…Smart city is a recent phenomenon, but its diffusion has been rapidly increasing in the latest few years [1]. Smart cities are nowadays widespread all over the world; in all the continents, cities are moving towards smarter urban spaces, using high technologies to face the crucial problems linked with the urban life like traffic, pollution, city crowding, poverty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Smart City definition: a comprehensive proposal

Dameri¹

2013

IJCT

471

201

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During the latest years, smart city projects have been more and more popular and widespread all over the world. The continuous increasing of city"s population and the complexity of city management drive local governments towards the strong use of technologies to support a higher quality of urban spaces and a better offering of public services. The fascination of smart cities, able to link high technology, green environment and well-being for citizens, interests all the municipalities, independently on their dimensions, geographical area or culture. However, the concept of smart city is far from to be unambiguous. Several experiences all over the world show that cities define themselves as smart, but the meaning attributed to this word is different each time. Smart city concept has been growing from empirical experience, therefore a systemic theoretical study about this phenomenon still lacks. In this paper, the author aims to propose a comprehensive and verified definition of smart city, based on both a deep literature investigation about smart city studies and a large survey of smart city projects in the international panorama. The goal of this work is not only to provide a clear framework about this interesting and current topic, but also to support local governments and public administrations in effective smart city implementation, able to create public value and well being for citizens and environmental sustainability in the urban space.

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Smart cities in perspective – a comparative European study by means of self-organizing maps

Cited by 207 publications

References 29 publications

How smart is smart? Theoretical and empirical considerations on implementing smart city objectives – a case study of Dutch railway station areas

How smart is smart? Theoretical and empirical considerations on implementing smart city objectives – a case study of Dutch railway station areas

The Performance of the Smart Cities in China—A Comparative Study by Means of Self-Organizing Maps and Social Networks Analysis

Searching for Smart City definition: a comprehensive proposal

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