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This article presents a structural modeling analysis of the performance determinants of urban attractiveness, in terms of resident population and international tourism demand, in 40 global cities. The analysis focuses on the impacts of a diverse set of innovative drivers of urban value creation and sustainable solutions for city development (urban functions), which are collectively subsumed under the heading of 'sustainable smart city'. Recognizing that the dynamics and growth processes related to these urban functions may have different impacts on different types of stakeholders, potentially leading to the emergence of serious conflicts between guests/visitors and residents, we aim to derive model-based implications for urban and tourism management in the cities concerned in order to move towards the sustainable future city as 'a place 4 all'. The results of our latent growth curve model confirm the existence of different impacts of urban functions on visitors' and residents' attractiveness. Cultural dynamics appears to be a major determinant for attracting new residents and supporting a strong international tourism industry. From an economic perspective, purely economic strength (in terms of absolute growth) appears to enhance city attractiveness for residents, while the dynamics observed in research and development activities influences the quality of employment instead of being a direct driver of population growth. While the social aspects of sustainability (framed under the concept of livability) and the urban environment typically exert higher impacts on urban attractiveness, accessibility appears mostly relevant for visitors. Our analysis suggests an uneasy balance between livability, environment, and population and visitor volume and growth.

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This paper argues that in the historical evolution of cities, large‐scale urbanization is not only a fact, but a necessary outcome of the forces of globalization and competition. The current trend towards large cities and megacities in a complex global urban system, operating and interacting at a local to global multi‐layer scale, is inevitable. However, their dynamics is as yet a poorly understood phenomenon that deserves full‐scale policy action and research attention in our highly diversified space‐economy.

Focusing on a subset of European cities belonging to the SmartCities (inter) Regional Academic Network (SCRAN), i.e. Bremerhaven, Edinburgh, Groningen, Karlstad, Kortijk, Kristiansand, Lillesand, Osterholz, Norfolk, this chapter will offer a decision network model built around an analytical hierarchy able to verify whether the development of cities with in North Sea Region is smart.It aims to offer a profound analysis of the interrelations between the components of smart cities, including the human and social relations connecting the intellectual capital, wealth and governance of their regional development.The chapter demonstrates that the inclusion of the abovementioned relations in the analytical hierarchy framework is significant, as it allows, for the first time, the opportunity for this network model to capture the triple helix of a smart urban or regional development and to verify whether the transformation of cities it ushers in is not merely based on an index of intellectual capital, but also on a measure of wealth creation whose standards of governance are smart.

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