The Performance of the Smart Cities in China—A Comparative Study by Means of Self-Organizing Maps and Social  Networks Analysis

Lu, Dong; Tian, Ye; Liu, Yide; Zhang, Yi

doi:10.3390/su7067604

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…These labels are sustainable city, smart city, innovation city, resilient city, tourism city, eco city, low carbon city, livable city, advanced manufacturing city, service city and modern agricultural city. There is evidence that some of these city labels, such as the sustainable city and the smart city should in fact be conceptualized in multi-dimensional ways [25,26]. In order to cover the variety of interpretations under each city label, we considered these various dimensions or aspects as variations under one theme, the general city label.…”

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confidence: 99%

City Branding in China’s Northeastern Region: How Do Cities Reposition Themselves When Facing Industrial Decline and Ecological Modernization?

et al. 2018

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The past decade has seen a surge in the use of city branding, which is used to attract specific target groups of investors, high-tech green firms and talented workforce and reflects a desired shift from old, polluting manufacturing industries to new, clean service industries. Previous studies in the Chinese mega-city regions Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Jing-Jin-Ji (region around Beijing and Tianjin) have shown that branding practices of primarily service and innovation oriented cities are largely in line with existing industrial profiles while those which are predominantly manufacturing oriented wish to present themselves as more service and innovation driven. In this contribution, city branding practices are studied in China's three Northeastern provinces Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning which face structural decline because of the presence of many outdated resource-based and heavy industries. The gap between existing profile and branding choices appears not systematic as in China's leading economic regions. Northeastern cities focus more on combining primary, secondary and tertiary industrial patterns than on displacing manufacturing with services. The tertiary sector in these provinces is more administrative and public sector oriented and generates lower value added; it is therefore not significantly more attractive than the primary and secondary ones.

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City Branding in China’s Northeastern Region: How Do Cities Reposition Themselves When Facing Industrial Decline and Ecological Modernization?

et al. 2018

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“…It is possible that a country has a low EPI rank, but is in one of the nodes that represent relatively better environmental performance. The SOM algorithm has been implemented in a variety of applications from ecological to urban systems [30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, the framework presented here is one of the first studies, to our knowledge, in which SOM has been implemented as part of a larger framework aimed at evaluating environmental sustainability, rather than simply being used to classify the evaluations of other indices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing Global Environmental Sustainability Via an Unsupervised Clustering Framework

et al. 2020

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The importance of sustainable development has risen in recent years due to the significant number of people affected by lack of access to essential resources as well as the need to prepare for and adapt to intensifying climate change and rapid urbanization. Modeling frameworks capable of effectively assessing and tracking sustainability lie at the heart of creating effective policies to address these issues. Conventional frameworks, such as the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), that support such policies often involve ranking countries based on a weighted sum of a number of relevant environmental metrics. However, the selection and weighing processes are often biased. Moreover, the ranking process fails to provide policymakers with possible avenues to improve their country’s environmental sustainability. This study aimed to address these gaps by proposing a novel data-driven framework to assess the environmental sustainability of countries objectively by leveraging unsupervised learning theory. Specifically, this framework harnesses a clustering technique known as Self-Organized Maps to group countries based on their characteristic environmental performance metrics and track progression in terms of shifts within clusters over time. The results support the hypothesis that the inconsistencies in the EPI calculation can lead to misrepresentations of the relative sustainability of countries over time. The proposed framework, which does not rely on ranking or data transformations, enables countries to make more informed decisions by identifying effective and specific pathways towards improving their environmental sustainability.

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“…The interactions of GDP growth, population immigration from rural to urban areas, industrial development, and national regional strategies have been significantly positive factors for urban expansion in China [4,5,24,51,63,65]. However, the determinants of urban expansion have varied in different regions (Appendix D).…”

Section: Determinants Of Urban Expansion In Different Regions In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Urban Expansion in Lhasa City and the Implications for Sustainable Development in a Plateau City

et al. 2017

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Urbanization challenges regional sustainable development, but a slight expansion mechanism was revealed in a plateau city. We have integrated the urban expansion process and analyzed its determinants in Lhasa (Tibet), and we provide insightful suggestions for urban management and planning for Lhasa. The full continuum of the urban expansion process has been captured using time-series of high-resolution remote sensing data . Four categories of potential determinants involved in economic, demographic, social, and government policy factors were selected, and redundancy analysis was employed to define the contribution rates of these determinants. The results illustrate that considerable urban expansion occurred from 1990 to 2015 in Lhasa, with the area of construction land and transportation land increasing at rates of 117.2% and 564.7%, respectively. The urban expansion in the center of Lhasa can be characterized as temperate sprawl from 1990 through 2008, primarily explained by governmental policies and investment, economic development, tourist growth, and increased governmental investment resulting in faster urban expansion from 2008 to 2015, mainly occurring in the east, south, and west of Lhasa. In contrast with other cities of China, central government investment and "pairing-up support" projects have played an important role in infrastructure construction in Lhasa. The miraculous development of the tourism industry had prominent effects on this economic development and urbanization after 2006, due to the running of the Tibetan Railway. An integrative and proactive policy framework, the "Lhasa development model", having important theoretical, methodological, and management implications for urban planning and development, has been proposed.

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The Performance of the Smart Cities in China—A Comparative Study by Means of Self-Organizing Maps and Social Networks Analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 49 publications

City Branding in China’s Northeastern Region: How Do Cities Reposition Themselves When Facing Industrial Decline and Ecological Modernization?

City Branding in China’s Northeastern Region: How Do Cities Reposition Themselves When Facing Industrial Decline and Ecological Modernization?

Assessing Global Environmental Sustainability Via an Unsupervised Clustering Framework

Accelerated Urban Expansion in Lhasa City and the Implications for Sustainable Development in a Plateau City

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