Skipping Breakfast is Correlated with Obesity

Watanabe, Yoko; Saito, Isao; Henmi, Ikuyo; Yoshimura, Kazuki; Maruyama, Kimiko; Yamauchi, Kanako; Matsuo, Tatsuhiro; Kato, Tadahiro; Tanigawa, Takeshi; Kishida, Taro; Asada, Yasuhiko

doi:10.2185/jrm.2887

Cited by 98 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…O café da manhã é considerado uma refeição principal que deve ser feita diariamente pela população gestante ou não 3,23 . De acordo com Cho et al 40 , o hábito de não consumir o café da manhã não é uma maneira efetiva de controlar o peso e há correlação entre este hábito e obesidade 41 . Ainda sobre comportamentos alimentares, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, substituir o almoço e/ou jantar por lanches pode ocasionar problemas de saúde no futuro, pois os alimentos tradicionais dessas refeições são importantes fontes de fibras, minerais e vitaminas e acabam sendo substituídos por alimentos de alta densidade energética e com pior qualidade nutricional 42 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Práticas alimentares de gestantes e mulheres não grávidas: há diferenças?

Gomes¹,

Malta²,

Martiniano³

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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ResumoOBJETIVOS: Conhecer o comportamento alimentar de gestantes assistidas pela atenção primária à saúde e compará-lo ao de mulheres em idade fértil das capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado no segundo trimestre gestacional com 256 gestantes, sorteadas dentre as assistidas pelas unidades de atenção primária à saúde de um município do interior paulista em 2009/2010. As práticas alimentares foram investigadas utilizando questionário adaptado do sistema Vigitel, composto por questões acerca de comportamentos alimentares em geral e frequência e características de consumo de grupos alimentares/alimentos específicos. Para a comparação foram utilizados os indicadores reportados pelo sistema Vigitel para as mulheres em idade fértil das capitais brasileiras no ano de 2010. As análises envolveram a apresentação de distribuição de frequências e estatísticas descritivas (distribuição de frequências ou médias e respectivos intervalos de confiança) com comparações de acordo com faixa etária. RESULTADOS: A maioria das gestantes consumia o café da manhã todos os dias (86,7%); a troca da refeição principal por lanche uma ou duas vezes por semana era o hábito de 45,7%. O consumo diário de frutas, salada crua, verduras e legumes não ocorria, respectivamente, em 48,8, 41,8 e 55,1% das gestantes. Peixe foi relatado como nunca ou quase nunca consumido por 64,4% das gestantes. Pelo menos uma vez por semana, 69,9% delas relataram consumo de refrigerante e 86,4% de bolacha/biscoito. Comparando as gestantes e mulheres em idade fértil das capitais brasileiras, a prevalência de excesso de peso foi bastante parecida e não houve diferenças entre o consumo regular de frutas e hortaliças. Carne com excesso de gordura e leite integral foram mais consumidos pelas gestantes, com diferenças em todas as faixas etárias analisadas. Por outro lado, gestantes tiveram menor ingestão regular de refrigerantes. CONCLUSÕES: Devem ser variadas e de grande importância as ações a serem praticadas na atenção pré-natal, desde promover o consumo de alimentos específicos até orientações sobre comportamentos alimentares, não deixando de reforçar os hábitos alimentares saudáveis já concretizados. Abstract PURPOSE:To determine the eating behavior of pregnant women assisted by primary health care and to compare it with women at childbearing age in Brazilian capitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted on 256 pregnant women in the second trimester of gestation, selected by drawing lots from those assisted by primary health care units of a municipality in the state of São Paulo in 2009/2010. Eating habits were investigated via a questionnaire adapted from the VIGITEL system, consisting of questions about eating habits in general and the frequency and consumption characteristics of food groups/specific foods. For tis comparison, we used the indicators reported by the VIGITEL system for women at childbearing age in Brazilian capitals in 2010. The analyses involved the presentation of frequency distribution and descriptive statistics with com...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Práticas alimentares de gestantes e mulheres não grávidas: há diferenças?

Gomes¹,

Malta²,

Martiniano³

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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show abstract

“…39 This association between breakfast skipping and higher body mass index (BMI) has been reported globally, primarily in cross-sectional studies. 33,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] For example, in NHANES 1999 to 2002, young adults (n=5316; age, 20-39 years) who reported consuming ready-to-eat cereal were 31% less likely to be overweight/obese and 39% less likely to have abdominal obesity compared with breakfast skippers. 52 Additionally, a meta-analysis of 19 studies in the Asian and Pacific regions (n=19 108 participants) demonstrated a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-195) for prevalence of overweight or obesity among the lowest compared with the highest breakfast consumption frequency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

St‐Onge¹,

Ard²,

Baskin³

et al. 2017

Circulation

552

474

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Eating patterns are increasingly varied. Typical breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals are difficult to distinguish because skipping meals and snacking have become more prevalent. Such eating styles can have various effects on cardiometabolic health markers, namely obesity, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and blood pressure. In this statement, we review the cardiometabolic health effects of specific eating patterns: skipping breakfast, intermittent fasting, meal frequency (number of daily eating occasions), and timing of eating occasions. Furthermore, we propose definitions for meals, snacks, and eating occasions for use in research. Finally, data suggest that irregular eating patterns appear less favorable for achieving a healthy cardiometabolic profile. Intentional eating with mindful attention to the timing and frequency of eating occasions could lead to healthier lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factor management.T he patterns of meal and snack eating behavior in American adults have changed over the past 40 years. Based on NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data from 1971 to 1974 to 2009 to 2010 (n=62 298), women 20 to 74 years of age reported a decrease in 24-hour meal-derived total energy intake (TEI) from 82% in the 1970s to 77% in 2009 to 2010 and an increase in the proportion of TEI consumed from snacks from 18% to 23%.1 Similar trends were reported among men. The proportion of men and women who reported consuming all 3 standard meals declined over this period (from 73% to 59% in men; from 75% to 63% in women), 1 reflecting changes in eating patterns rather than changes in eating frequency. Indeed, the traditional breakfast-lunch-dinner pattern was not observed in a population of healthy, non-shift-working adults. 2 In that study, the number of eating occasions, defined as consumption of any food or beverage providing at least 5 kcal, was ≈4.2 times a day in the lowest decile and 10.5 times a day for the top decile. There were only 5 hours during the 24-hour day when <1% of all eating occasions occurred: between 1 and 6 am. This study clearly demonstrated that adults in the United States eat around the clock. Because feeding and fasting entrain clock genes, which regulate all aspects of metabolism, meal timing can have serious implications for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. 3,4 The circadian rhythms of the body are controlled by the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus but also by clocks of peripheral organs. Although the master clock is strongly entrained by light, clocks of peripheral organs are additionally responsive to food supply, and temporal restriction of food can reset clock gene rhythms. In mice, food given in the normal sleeping period can uncouple peripheral clocks from the master clock. 5 In fact, time-restricted feeding CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINESin mice alters the robustness and coherence of rhythmic gene transcripts, 6 which may be relevant for cardiom...

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“…Previous studies reported that breakfast skippers have a higher energy intake during the day than breakfast eaters [11,18,42], and this increased energy intake may be associated with the current eating behavior changes [18,22]. Therefore, this study evidenced an association between the habit of skipping breakfast with obesity and a higher total calorie intake, which can be understood as a metabolism compensation [38,43], as the individual eats more calories during the day to compensate the lack of breakfast [9,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) were measured by using specific enzymatic Elisa kits (DSA BioELISA, USA) [18]. The individuals were previously advised to not perform vigorous physical exercises 24 h and/or consume alcohol 72 h prior to blood collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Status Associated to Skipping Breakfast in Brazilian Health Service Patients

et al. 2016

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Recent studies show that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, this study evaluated 400 patients from the Brazilian health service who had their nutritional status defined based on the body mass index and were classified as physically active or insufficient active. The energy intake and macronutrients was also assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall where the association of overweight/obesity with the investigated variables was evaluated using chi-square, Student's t test and multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The main results showed that more than half of the studied population have the habit of omitting breakfast (55.8%), and among those, 81.2% were overweight/obese (p < 0.0001). Almost three-fourths of these individuals consumed no more than 4 meals a day (73.0%), and regarding this meal frequency/day, 78.8% of the individuals who reported having 4 meals or less a day were overweight/obese compared with 57.8% who reported as having 5-6 meals/day (p < 0.0001). The individuals who reported to omit breakfast had a higher chance of being overweight compared with those who had this habit (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.40-3.60) and the chance of the physically insufficient active individuals to be overweight/obese was 2.9 times higher when compared to the active individuals (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that regular breakfast consumption may decrease overweight and obesity risk.

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Skipping Breakfast is Correlated with Obesity

Cited by 98 publications

References 12 publications

Práticas alimentares de gestantes e mulheres não grávidas: há diferenças?

Práticas alimentares de gestantes e mulheres não grávidas: há diferenças?

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Nutritional Status Associated to Skipping Breakfast in Brazilian Health Service Patients

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