Single, Binary and Ternary Ion Exchanged Zeolite as an Effective Bioactive Filler for Biomedical Polymer Composites

Abstract

The preparation and modelling of single, binary and ternary ion exchanged zeolites that express antimicrobial efficiency is discussed. As experimental material A type zeolite was used and different variations of Ag, Cu and Zn ions were incorporated into the crystal structure. Antimicrobial efficiency is based on the ion concentration and ion release of the zeolite, therefore the maximum cation-exchange capacities (CEC) were determined for each of the single ions. After the determination of CEC the preparation of binary and ternary ion-exchanged zeolite samples were prepared by the mixture of silver, copper and zinc nitrate solutions and the composition of the samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To verify the bioactive effect, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of single, binary and ternary ion-exchanged zeolite A was determined for bacteria strains.

Fabrication of Ag+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Ternary Ion-Exchanged Zeolite as an Antimicrobial Agent in Powder Coating

“…In contrast to copper, the existence of zinc gives an improvement of the antimicrobial activity and zinc ions are helpful to the release of silver ions . Moreover, Ag-Cu-Zn-Z gives a better result than Ag-Zn-Z due to the cocation effect of the ternary ions …”

“…39 Moreover, Ag-Cu-Zn-Z gives a better result than Ag-Zn-Z due to the cocation effect of the ternary ions. 28 3.6. Antimicrobial Activity of Coating Surfaces and Durability.…”

“…Kaali and Czeĺ examined an Ag + , Zn 2+ , and Cu 2+ ternary exchanged zeolite A, which exhibited high antimicrobial activity toward MRSA, Candida tropicalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). 28 Given that silver zeolite additives show an excellent broadspectrum antibacterial activity used in many fields, it was of great difference from the one used in powder coating and little work has been done to evaluate the effectiveness in this respect. In general, when making antimicrobial powder coating, a curing step is necessary and the temperature will increase up to over 180 °C.…”

Zeolite-based biomaterials for biomedical application: A review

“…Zeolites, both natural and synthetic, have been widely used in the various application based on their nature. These materials are more attractive and widely used for biomedical application because of mesoporous and micropore characteristic that is more suitable for the biomedical application, and also they have all the requirements, i.e., biocompatible, non-toxic and bioactive [24][25][26][27][28]. In addition, the properties such as biological stability, immunomodulatory activity and capability to arrest and bind small molecules are the logical thought for biomedical application of zeolites [1].…”

Impact fracture toughness evaluation by essential work of fracture method in high density polyethylene filled with zeolite

“…The fracture behaviour of zeolite-filled HDPE was investigated in quasi-static state using the essential work of the fracture (EWF) method. Natural zeolite was chosen as the filler based on the consideration that it has all the requirements as skull reconstruction implants, i.e., non-toxic and bio-compatible [7], bioactive [8][9][10], able to protect the HDPE matrix against ultraviolet degradation [11] and an abundant natural resource with low prices. For load-bearing applications such as skull implants that protect the brain, it is important to understand its impact fracture behavior because head injury and skull fracture caused by impact force was the most frequent cause of death.…”