No abstract

The inhibition properties of bee wax propolis (BWP) extract on the 304SS in 0.5 M sulfuric acid were conducted using potentiodynamic polarization, EIS, and XRD. Quercetin (2-(3.4-dihydroxy phenyl)-3.5.7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one) was identified as the main compound in the BWP extract based on FTIR and HPLC analysis. The results showed that the inhibitor could retard the corrosion rate of 304SS in 0.5 M sulfuric acid which reached 97.29% and 91.42% at 2000 ppm based on potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurement, respectively. The inhibition efficiency decreased with increasing temperature. The inhibition mechanism of BWP extract on the 304SS was physisorption and obeyed Temkin adsorption isotherm equation. The thin protective layer on the 304SS surface was confirmed by XRD.

This study describes a series of treatment processes and functions of each stage in the production process and the conditions of maltose product with GMP parameters are implemented by the application of HACCP is equipped with Work Instructions CCP. The study was conducted with qualitative data analysis, by comparing the data and the results of observations with the relevant literature, in the form of articles, research journals, and generally accepted standards, although the calculation of GMP with some quantitative data. Through the resulting composition of the seven studies document the HACCP assessment, include: (1) Establishment of HACCP team, (2) Description of Products and Processes, (3) Purposes and Consumer Products, (4) Process Flow Diagram, (5) Hazard Identification, (6) Determination of the CCP, and (7) Worksheet CCP. Documents 1, 2, and 3 have been prepared to review and revise the existing old documents, while the documents 4 to 7 is a new document. The seven documents is then also equipped with Work Instruction documents CCPs to facilitate labor in monitoring and control of critical control points (CCPs). The results showed maltose production process generally consists of four main phases, including: likuifikasi, saccharification, purification (filtration and ion processes), and concentration.

The research aim is to investigate the effect of alkali treatment on the crystalline structure of Mendong fiber. The experiment was conducted by immerse fibers in 100 ml NaOH solution by a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% for 2 hours at the room temperature. The specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. The morphology of fiber treated by alkali was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The result shows that the crystalline structure of cellulose in Mendong fiber was changed in alkali treatment. It was found that both the degree of crystallinity and crystalline index of Mendong fiber was increased until alkali treatment concentration of 7.5%.

No abstract