Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation

Abstract

We performed quantification of IL 2, IL 4, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, GM-CSF, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha in human dermal wounds for wound age estimation. The proliferation of dermal cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also analyzed. Neutrophils and macrophages were detected from 2 h post-injury, and strong infiltrations were seen at 33-49 h. T and B lymphocytes also infiltrated simultaneously from 71 h. Strong proliferation of fibroblasts were shown from 246 h, and thickening of the epidermis from 71 h. IL 10, GM-CSF, IFNgamma, and TNF alpha increased from the early phase of dermal wound healing, IL 6 exclusively in the middle phase, IL 2, IL 4, and IL 8 from the middle phase to the late phase. Among the cytokines analyzed in the present study, IL 6, IL 8, IFNgamma, and TNF alpha were strongly expressed. Results of the present study suggest that multiplex cytokine analysis at the wound site can be useful for wound age estimation. In addition, multiplex data obtained from the same sample with a single method would demonstrate more accurate interactions of cytokines during dermal wound healing. Although the present study was oriented to practical forensic pathology, the data obtained would be informative for various fields of medicine.

Wound healing revised: A novel reepithelialization mechanism revealed by in vitro and in silico models

“…skin tissue also IL-6 and IL-8 emerged as the most elevated cytokines (Takamiya et al, 2008). The same cytokines and growth factors have also been reported in wound fluids (Ono et al, 1995;Angel and Szabowski, 2002).…”

Cutaneous Granulomas in Ataxia Telangiectasia and Other Primary Immunodeficiencies: Reflection of Inappropriate Immune Regulation?

“…T cells, B cells and various key growth factors and enzymes work in synergy to orchestrate the healing process [32]. CD19 is a positive-response regulator of B cells, which plays a critical role in wound healing as is shown by the observation that CD19 deficiency in mice inhibits wound healing [33].…”

Topical use of dexpanthenol: a 70th anniversary article

“…Microarray analysis detected a significant upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, Id1, HMOX-1, HspB7 and CYP1B1 expression by pantothenate. As IL-6 and IL-8 are among the cytokines most strongly expressed during wound healing (57), the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8 expression in dermal fibroblasts may therefore contribute to the wound healing features of dexpanthenol-containing topicals (53). To correlate these in vitro findings with the in vivo situation of wound healing, Heise et al (58) conducted a randomized, double-blind study in which the dexpanthenol-induced gene expression profile in punch biopsies of previously injured and dexpanthenol-treated skin in comparison to placebo-treated skin was analyzed at the molecular level.…”