Simulated Effect of Carbon Cycle Feedback on Climate Response to Solar Geoengineering

Cao, Long; Jiang, Jiu

doi:10.1002/2017gl076546

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This study analyzes the response of high-latitude permafrost under solar geoengineering, without assessing its feedback on regional or global climate systems. Cao and Jiang (2017) find the carbon cycle-climate feedback raises the amount of required solar geoengineering to reach targeted warming levels without considering the permafrost carbon feedback. How 535 much the permafrost carbon feedback would change the efficiency of solar geoengineering depends on specific warming targets and pathways to reach them (Gasser et al, 2018;Kleinen and Brovkin, 2018), these require specifically designed geoengineering experiments to access and are beyond the current scope of GeoMIP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Enhanced CO2 fertilization under geoengineered climate also exerts considerable impacts on the carbon cycle compared to a climate of the same warming level without geoengineering (Plazzotta et al 2019;Lee et al, 2021). In a solar dimming geoengineering plus aggressive mitigation simulated with an earth system model of intermediate complexity, the terrestrial biosphere sequestered more atmospheric CO2 by 2100 via enhancement of 75 tropical net primary production with greater accumulation in global total vegetation and soil carbon pools, this carbon feedback also affects the solar dimming needed (Cao and Jiang, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Northern high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to solar geoengineering

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. The northern high-latitude permafrost contains almost twice the carbon content of the atmosphere, and it is widely considered as a non-linear and tipping element in the Earth's climate system under global warming. Solar geoengineering is a means of mitigating temperature rise and reduce some of the associated climate impacts by increasing the planetary albedo, including permafrost thaw. We analyze the permafrost response as simulated by five earth system models (ESMs) under four future scenarios; two solar geoengineering scenarios (G6solar and G6sulfur) restore the global temperature from the high emission scenario (ssp585) levels to the moderate mitigation scenario (ssp245) levels via solar dimming and stratospheric aerosol injection. G6solar and G6sulfur nearly restore the northern high-latitude permafrost area from ssp585 levels to those under ssp245. But deeper active layer thickness and more exposed unfrozen soil organic carbon are produced due to robust residual high-latitude warming, especially over Eurasia. However, G6solar and G6sulfur accumulate more soil carbon over the northern high-latitude permafrost region due to enhanced CO2 fertilization effects relative to ssp245 and weakened heterotrophic respiration relative to ssp585. The asynchronous changes in soil carbon inputs and soil carbon decomposition directly result from decoupling of temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration under solar geoengineering. The permafrost ecosystem remains a carbon sink throughout this century under all four scenarios, and solar geoengineering can delay the transition of northern high-latitude permafrost ecosystem from carbon sink to carbon source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Northern high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to solar geoengineering

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In SURFER, solar radiation modification acts by construction only on the globally averaged temperature. Cao and Jiang (2017) studied the feedbacks between solar radiation modification and the carbon cycle. They found that, under solar radiation modification, the land carbon reservoir becomes more efficient in absorbing CO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Tjiputra et al (2016) reported an increased ocean carbon uptake in the presence of solar radiation modification and a negligible global mean change in land carbon uptake. While the results by Tjiputra et al (2016) and Cao and Jiang (2017) show the importance of investigating the subject fur- ther, we decided to wait for a more coherent picture before including such feedbacks in SURFER. Such feedbacks could potentially be included by making the land carbon equation, and the solubility and dissociation constants, temperaturedependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise

Montero

Crucifix²,

Couplet³

et al. 2022

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. We present SURFER, a novel reduced model for estimating the impact of CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification options on sea level rise and ocean acidification over timescales of several thousands of years. SURFER has been designed for the analysis of CO2 emission and solar radiation modification policies, for supporting the computation of optimal (CO2 emission and solar radiation modification) policies and for the study of commitment and responsibility under uncertainty. The model is based on a combination of conservation laws for the masses of atmospheric and oceanic carbon and for the oceanic temperature anomalies, and of ad-hoc parameterisations for the different sea level rise contributors: ice sheets, glaciers and ocean thermal expansion. It consists of 9 loosely coupled ordinary differential equations, is understandable, fast and easy to modify and calibrate. It reproduces the results of more sophisticated, high-dimensional earth system models on timescales up to millennia.

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“…Our simulations use a prescribed atmospheric CO 2 concentration, and hence do not consider feedbacks from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Studies have found that interactions between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate change could alter the amount of atmospheric CO 2 under various radiation modification approaches (Cao, 2018; Cao & Jiang, 2017; Keith et al, 2017; Matthews et al, 2009; Tjiputra et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model‐Based Investigation of Terrestrial Plant Carbon Uptake Response to Four Radiation Modification Approaches

et al. 2020

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A number of radiation modification approaches have been proposed to counteract anthropogenic warming by intentionally altering Earth's shortwave or longwave fluxes. While several previous studies have examined the climate effect of different radiation modification approaches, only a few have investigated the carbon cycle response. Our study examines the response of plant carbon uptake to four radiation modification approaches that are used to offset the global mean warming caused by a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 . Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model, we performed simulations that represent four idealized radiation modification options: solar constant reduction, sulfate aerosol increase (SAI), marine cloud brightening, and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT). Relative to the high CO 2 state, all these approaches reduce gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP). In high latitudes, decrease in GPP is mainly due to the reduced plant growing season length, and in low latitudes, decrease in GPP is mainly caused by the enhanced nitrogen limitation due to surface cooling. The simulated GPP for sunlit leaves decreases for all approaches. Decrease in sunlit GPP is the largest for SAI which substantially decreases direct sunlight, and the smallest for CCT, which increases direct sunlight that reaches the land surface. GPP for shaded leaves increases in SAI associated with a substantial increase in surface diffuse sunlight, and decreases in all other cases. The combined effects of CO 2 increase and radiation modification result in increases in primary production, indicating the dominant role of the CO 2 fertilization effect on plant carbon uptake.Plain Language Summary A number of radiation modification approaches have been proposed to intentionally alter Earth's radiation balance to counteract anthropogenic warming. However, only a few studies have analyzed the potential impact of these approaches on the terrestrial plant carbon cycle. Here, we simulate four idealized radiation modification approaches, which include direct reduction of incoming solar radiation, increase in stratospheric sulfate aerosols concentration, enhancement of marine low cloud albedo, and decrease in high-level cirrus cloud cover, and analyze changes in plant photosynthesis and respiration. The first three approaches cool the earth by reducing incoming solar radiation, and the last approach allows more outgoing thermal radiation. These approaches are designed to offset the global mean warming caused by doubled atmospheric CO 2 . Compared to the high CO 2 world, all approaches will limit plant growth due to induced surface cooling in high latitudes and will lead to reduced nitrogen supply in low latitudes, leading to an overall reduction in the plant carbon uptake over land. Different approaches also produce different changes in surface direct and diffuse sunlight, which has important implications for plant photosynthesis. Relative to the unperturbed climate, the combined effects of enhanced CO...

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Simulated Effect of Carbon Cycle Feedback on Climate Response to Solar Geoengineering

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Northern high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to solar geoengineering

Northern high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to solar geoengineering

SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise

A Model‐Based Investigation of Terrestrial Plant Carbon Uptake Response to Four Radiation Modification Approaches

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Simulated Effect of Carbon Cycle Feedback on Climate Response to Solar Geoengineering

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Northern high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to solar geoengineering

Northern high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to solar geoengineering

SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise

A Model‐Based Investigation of Terrestrial Plant Carbon Uptake Response to Four Radiation Modification Approaches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise