Sephadex LH-20 Cleanup, High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Assay, and Fluorescence Detection of Zearalenone in Animal Feeds

Abstract

A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described to determine zearalenone in animal feeds at levels as low as 0.01 ppm. Samples are extracted with chloroform-ethanol and initially purified using a SEP-PAK silica cartridge, followed by column chromatography using Sephadex LH-20. Separation by normal phase HPLC is followed by fluorescence detection. Recoveries at levels of 1.0–0.01 ppm averaged greater than 90%. Confirmation included HPLC analysis of the sample and a zearalenone standard, using 3 different excitation wavelengths, and comparison of fluorescence responses obtained. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 1 corn and 3 cornmeal samples. Zearalenone was detected in all 4 samples at levels of 0.379–19.2 ppm.

Screening for zearalenone in corn by competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

“…Zearalenone is metabolized to a-and ß-zearalenol, and these metabolites can be excreted in milk (Mirocha et al, 1981). Conventional analytical methods for zearalenone include thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (AACC, 1983;AOAC, 1984; ; Scott et al, 1978;Gimeno, 1983;Swanson et al, 1984), liquid chromatography (Holder et al, 1977;Scott et al, 1978; Ware and Thorpe, 1978; Cohen and LaPointe, 1980;Trenholm et al, 1981;James et al, 1982;Turner et al, 1983), and gas-liquid chromatography (Holder et al, 1977; Scott et al, 1978; Thouvenot and Morfin, 1979). The limit of detection for approved TLC detection (AACC, 1983; AOAC, 1984) is 200 Mg/kg.…”

Occurrence and chemical determination of zearalenone and alternariol monomethyl ether in sorghum-based mixed feeds associated with an outbreak of suspected hyperestrogenism in swine

“…Furthermore, Seitz et al (1975b) reported that the presence of AME (Figure IB) could, under certain circumstances, interfere with zearalenone determinations. A range of analytical techniques including thin-layer chromatography, highperformance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry have been employed for the determination of zearalenone and its derivatives (Moller and Josefsson, 1978; Ware and Thorpe, 1978;Scott et al, 1978;Diebold et al, 1979; Smyth and Frischkorn, 1980;Cohen and Lapointe, 1980;Gimeno, 1983;Swanson et al, 1984;Trenholm et al, 1984; Chang and De Vries, 1984; Bennett et al, 1985; Bagneris et al, 1986) as well as for the determination of the Alternaría toxins AOH and AME (Pero et al, 1971; Seitz et al, 1975a; Seitz and Mohr, 1976;Stinson et al, 1980;Heisler et al, 1980;Chu and Bennett, 1981;Wittkowski et al, 1983;Stack et al, 1985).…”

Development of a method for the simultaneous detection of mycotoxins in corn using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrospray-atmospheric pressure ionization/mass spectrometry (ES-API/MS) for extraction, separation, and identification

“…Zearalenone, also known as F-2 toxin (Cohen & Lapointe, 1980;Ware & Thorpe, 1978), is a secondary metabolite caused by the fungus Fusarium. Zearalenone exists as two isomers: alpha-zearalenone and beta-zearalenone (Jimenez & Mateo, 1997) with alpha-zearalenone being 2-4 times more active than beta-zearalenone (Mirocha et al, 1974;Hagler et al, 1979).…”

“…Fusarium moniliforme was stimulated by temperatures in excess of 25° C, as compared to 20° C. The toxin has been detected in agricultural commodities such as maize, cereal (Mirocha et al, 1974), barley, wheat (Cohen & Lapointe, 1980) oats, and corn (Ware & Thorpe, 1978). Zearalenone and aflatoxin B] constitute the two most frequently occurring mycotoxins in corn (Detroy et al, 1971;Mirocha et al, 1971;Eppley et al, 1974).…”